The effects of pipe water smoking on endothelial function in healthy non smoker volunteers

Abstract

Background: Water pipe (WP) tobacco smoking is gaining wide popularity among young and middle aged males and females. Aim of the work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of 1st pipe water smoking on brachial Flow mediated dilatation% (FMD%) and Nitrate mediated dilatation% (NMD %) as markers of systemic endothelial function. Methods: The present study comprised of 40 young healthy volunteers with no cardiovascular risk factors (the mean age 28 AE 5 years, males) randomized to either smoking (cigarette or pipe water) or not smoking in a crossover fashion. All the participants underwent a physical examination, laboratory analysis, Standard echocardiography, brachial artery FMD% Z [(DmaxeDbase)/ Dbase] multiplied by 100 (%). and endothelium independent dilation (NMD%) Z [(DNTG-Dbase)/Dbase] multiplied by 100 (%) were assessed with a high-resolution ultrasound probe and the arterial diameters before smoking, just after smoking, 1 h and 2 h after obtained. Results: FMD% after 1 h of both water pipe and cigarette were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than FMD% of the base e line and normalized after 2 h. No differences in median NMD % values (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that even one time pipe water smoking is associated with systemic endothelial dysfunction comparable to cigarette smoking in young non-smoker volunteers with no cardiovascular disorders or risk factors.

The association between smoking exposure and endothelial function evaluated using flow-mediated dilation values: a meta-analysis

“…An overview of the characteristics of the included studies is provided in Table 2 [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Overall, there were 17 observational studies published from 1998 to 2021, and tobacco types were classified into two categories: conventional and hookah.…”