The effects of ploidy level on the thermal distributions of brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and its ecological implications

Zhang, L; Lefcort, Hugh

doi:10.1038/hdy.1991.54

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Löve and Löve, 1957;Levin, 2002; for animals e.g. Zhang and Lefcort, 1991]. However, it is long recognized that polyploidy may not necessarily be the proximate cause of such spatial segregation.…”

Section: Establishing a Polyploid Lineage: Where To Settle Down As Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Rise and Persistence of Animal Polyploidy: Evolutionary Constraints and Potential

Choleva

Janko

2013

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The past decade has witnessed a tremendous increase in interest in polyploidy, which may partly be related to the development of new powerful genetic and genomic tools. These have provided numerous insights into mainly genetic and genomic consequences of polyploidy, dramatically improving our understanding of the dynamics of the polyploidization process and its importance as a mechanism in animal evolution. In contrast, several other aspects of polyploidization, such as physiology, ecology and development, have received considerably less attention. Our aim is not to make an exhaustive review of current knowledge about animal polyploidy, but rather to thoroughly elaborate on some very fundamental questions which still remain open or even neglected. In particular, we show that properties of new polyploid lineages largely depend upon the proximate way in which they arose, but the evolutionary pathways to polyploidy are often unresolved. To help researchers orientate amongst the number of pathways to polyploidy, we provide an extensive review of particular scenarios proposed in distinct animal taxa. We discuss how polyploidy relates to hybridization, particularly with respect to asexuality, and elaborate on whether clonal triploids may help to overcome the constraints of aneuploidy, thereby serving as a triploid bridge towards the establishment of new polyploid species. We further show that in most animal asexual complexes clonal lineages may become established only under one ploidy level (usually either di- or triploidy), and that it is rather rare to see the coexistence of successful clones of different ploidies. We discuss why the rate of polyploidization is higher in some taxa than in others, and what tools we have to evaluate the rate of polyploidization. Finally, we review some of the immediate physiological and developmental effects of polyploidy which are related to the genome size/cell size relation and show how studies of polyploidy may enhance the study of macroecology and developmental biology. See also the sister article focusing on plants by Weiss-Schneeweiss et al. in this themed issue.

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Section: Establishing a Polyploid Lineage: Where To Settle Down As Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Rise and Persistence of Animal Polyploidy: Evolutionary Constraints and Potential

Choleva

Janko

2013

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Many asexual taxa are clonally diverse, physiologically differentiated and have wider distributions than their bisexual relatives (Parker, 1979;Bierzychudek, 1985;Ellstrand & Roose, 1987;Weider & Hebert, 1987a; Beaton & Hebert, 1988;Christensen et a!., 1988;Wilson & Hebert, 1992;Zhang & Lefcort, 1992). Also, the vast majority of apomictic lineages are polyploid, which has led to the suggestion that polyploidy is of adaptive significance to asexual organisms (Mogie, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy and clonal diversity in an arctic cladoceran

Hebert

1995

Heredity

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Genome size determinations were coupled with allozyme and mtDNA studies to gain insights into the origin of polyploidy and clonal diversity in populations of Daphnia tenebrosa from Churchill, Manitoba. Allozymic variation at five enzyme loci allowed the detection of 32 clones. Analyses of 73 populations in 1981, 27 in 1987 and 45 in 1991 revealed that clonal frequencies were relatively stable and that D. tenebrosa was more clonally diverse (average of three clones per pond) than other species of the D. pulex complex at the same site. Genome size determinations revealed the presence of two clonal assemblages with averages of 0.53 (± 0.01) pg and 0.89 (± 0.03) pg, corresponding to diploid and tetraploid clones. Clustering of allozyme distances revealed three groups, with no association between ploidy level or pigmentation. Similarly, diploid and polyploid clones did not form distinct clusters on the mtDNA dendrogram. The high sequence divergence between the two mtDNA clusters as well as the lack of correspondence between allozyme distance and mtDNA divergence among clonal pairs both suggest that polyploidy arose following reciprocal hybridizations between genetically divergent populations of this species.

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“…Diploids have significantly higher relative fitness than sympatric polyploids in the three populations of our study when measured under optimal culture conditions; polyploids have higher thermotolerance than diploids (Zhang and Lefcort 1991;Zhang and King, MS). Competition under optimal conditions led to the exclusion of polyploids by sympatric diploids in three generations in Chinese and Italian populations (Podrabsky and Zhang, unpubl.).…”

Section: Genetic Consequences After Polyploidization In Artemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-random distributions of diploids and polyploids also exist in Artemia. Polyploid Artemia populations tend to increase in frequency with increasing and decreasing latitudes in the Old World (Zhang and Lefcort 1991). In addition, polyploid Artemia also tend to be found in inland salt lakes (R.A. Browne, personal communication).…”

Section: Polyploidy and Geographic Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in sympatric populations of diploid and polyploid brine shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica)

Zhang

King

1992

Genetica

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We examined genetic variation in sympatric diploid and polyploid brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica from each of three populations (China, Italy and Spain). Italian and Spanish tetraploids are closely related (I = 0.964). Diploids and tetraploids within each of the two European populations are also closely related (mean I = 0.905). Most alleles found in diploids also exist in sympatric polyploids. In contrast, the asexual Artemia (2N, 4N and 5N) in our study share few alleles with their close sexual relative, A. tunisiana (mean I = 0.002). These results, as well as the work of other authors, strongly suggest that at least the tetraploid Artemia in our study have an autopolyploid origin.Clonal diversity of polyploid Artemia can be very high at least in some population. Both diploids and polyploids had low clonal diversities in the populations dominated by polyploids and high clonal diversities in the population dominated by diploids.The most common genotypes of sympatric diploid and polyploid Artemia frequently differed. Some alleles occurred only in diploids, while others were restricted to polyploids. These results suggest that polyploidy in Artemia has led to genetic divergence from diploid progenitors, and that ploidy-level variation must also be considered in developing an understanding of spatial and temporal allozyme polymorphism in asexual populations.

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The effects of ploidy level on the thermal distributions of brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and its ecological implications

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Rise and Persistence of Animal Polyploidy: Evolutionary Constraints and Potential

Rise and Persistence of Animal Polyploidy: Evolutionary Constraints and Potential

Polyploidy and clonal diversity in an arctic cladoceran

Genetic variation in sympatric populations of diploid and polyploid brine shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica)

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