The effects of PM2.5 on asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children of six Chinese cities, based on China, Children, Homes and Health (CCHH) project

Chen, Feier; Lin, Zhijing; Chen, Renjie; Norbäck, Dan; Liu, Cong; Kan, Haidong; Deng, Qihong; Huang, Chen; Hu, Yu; Zou, Zhijun; Liu, Wei; Wang, Juan; Lu, Chan; Qian, Hua; Yang, Xu; Zhang, Xin; Qu, Fang; Sundell, Jan; Zhang, Yinping; Li, Baizhan; Sun, Yuexia; Zhao, Zhuohui

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.072

Cited by 128 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, our sensitivity analysis restricted to children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis or eczema also showed no associations. Our findings of no association between TRAP and allergic rhinitis, although there was a marginal association for PM 2.5 , were also inconsistent with previous epidemiological and toxicological findings [56,57]. Rhinitis has a dynamic natural course, indicating that the symptoms of rhinitis are not persistent and could disappear within 2 years [58].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and pediatric allergic diseases based on modeled air pollution concentrations and traffic measures in Seoul, Korea: a comparative analysis

Min

Kim

et al. 2020

Environ Health

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Background: Pediatric allergic diseases are a major public health concern, and previous studies have suggested that exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure is a risk factor. These studies have typically assessed TRAP exposure using traffic measures, such as distance to major roads, or by modeling air pollutant concentrations; however inconsistent associations with pediatric allergic diseases have often been found. Using road proximity and density, we previously found an association between TRAP and atopic eczema among approximately 15,000 children living in Seoul, Korea, heavily populated and highly polluted city in which traffic is a major emission source. We aimed to conduct a parallel analysis using modeled air pollution concentrations and thus examine the consistency of the association. Specifically, we examined the associations of individual-level annual-average concentrations of NO 2 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5 with symptoms and diagnoses of three pediatric allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema. Methods: The study population included 14,614 children from the Seoul Atopy Friendly School Project Survey in Seoul, Korea, in 2010. To assess individual exposures to TRAP among these children, we predicted annualaverage concentrations of NO 2 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5 at the children's home addresses in 2010 using universal kriging and land use regression models along with regulatory air quality monitoring data and geographic characteristics. Then, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) of the three allergic diseases for interquartile increases in air pollution concentrations after adjusting for individual risk factors in mixed effects logistic regression. Results: Symptoms and diagnoses of atopic eczema symptoms showed an association with NO 2 (OR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and pediatric allergic diseases based on modeled air pollution concentrations and traffic measures in Seoul, Korea: a comparative analysis

Min

Kim

et al. 2020

Environ Health

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“…The questionnaire survey conducted in the United States and London did not observe significant associations between PM 2.5 concentrations and current asthma (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 0.98‐2.10 with mean PM 2.5 concentration of 13.3 μg/m 3 ; and OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82‐1.65 with mean PM 2.5 concentration of 13.7 μg/m 3 , respectively). Studies examining the effect of PM 2.5 on the prevalence of physician‐diagnosed asthma have determined that an increase of 10 μg/m 3 in the PM 2.5 concentration was associated with 10% and 18% increases in the prevalence of physician‐diagnosed asthma in China (with mean PM 2.5 concentration of 64 μg/m 3 ) and the United States (with mean PM 2.5 concentration of 9.8 μg/m 3 ), respectively. Exposure to PM 2.5 concentrations of 7.8 to 17.4 µg/m 3 was not significantly associated with the prevalence of physician‐diagnosed asthma .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the relationship between childhood asthma and ambient air pollution in Taiwan: Results from a nationwide survey repeated 5 years apart

Chen

Chuang

et al. 2018

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background Childhood asthma is a common disease whose prevalence is changing. Shift in environmental exposure was one of the plausible explanations. This study investigated changes in the association between childhood asthma and ambient air pollution occurring over time. Method A nationwide questionnaire survey concerning respiratory illness and symptoms was administered to Taiwanese elementary and middle school students in 2011 and repeatedly in 2016‐2017. During the study period, the concentrations of ambient air pollutants were obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) monitoring stations. Generalized estimating equation models were applied to examine the association between air pollution in the past year and the risk of current asthma. Results A total of 6346 children from the 2011 survey and 11 585 children from the 2016‐2017 survey attended schools located within a 1‐km radius of Taiwan EPA monitoring stations. The prevalence of childhood current asthma (children with physician‐diagnosed asthma and persistent asthma symptoms in the past year) increased from 7.5% to 9.6% during this period. The level of exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the past year was found to be associated with current asthma both in the 2011 survey (odds ratio (OR): 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41‐2.57) and in the 2016‐2017 survey (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.48). Conclusion Improved air quality has reduced the effect of PM2.5 on childhood asthma, but air quality remains a health concern in Taiwan.

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“…Another meta-analysis that used largely the same cohort data also found no evidence that PM2.5 and NO2 exposure increases the risk for allergic rhinitis [51]. A number of recently published results from Chinese cross-sectional studies report positive links between PM2.5 and NO2 and allergic rhinitis in children [52][53][54]. It is not possible to conclusively assess to what extent the methodological weaknesses of a cross-sectional study, regional and cultural lifestyle factors, or, lastly, the significantly higher exposure levels in China are decisive for the differing results compared with the European and North American studies.…”

Section: Allergic Rhinitismentioning

confidence: 97%

Air pollutants and primary allergy prevention

Heinrich

2018

Allergo J Int

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Background Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in outdoor air have long been suspected of causing the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, a variety of systematic reviews have reached different conclusions in the last 15 years on whether these air pollutants do in actual fact play a causal role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Methods Based on published systematic reviews and the most recent publications, the current state of knowledge on epidemiological evidence is presented and the potential for primary prevention of these allergic diseases by reducing or avoiding exposure to these air pollutants evaluated. Results Despite conducting an extensive literature search, analyzing the most recent results, and focusing on the birth cohort studies most relevant to the question in hand, epidemiological results do not adequately support the concept of a causal relationship between the two air pollutants in question, PM2.5 and NO2, and asthma. Epidemiological studies predominantly show no effect of these air pollutants on allergic sensitization and the onset of allergic rhinitis. The small number of studies that have investigated the link between air pollutants and eczema largely revealed there to be no link. Conclusion If the evidence for the causal role of air pollutants in the onset of allergies is inconclusive, one must assume that it is probably not possible to achieve

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The effects of PM2.5 on asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children of six Chinese cities, based on China, Children, Homes and Health (CCHH) project

Cited by 128 publications

References 56 publications

Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and pediatric allergic diseases based on modeled air pollution concentrations and traffic measures in Seoul, Korea: a comparative analysis

Association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and pediatric allergic diseases based on modeled air pollution concentrations and traffic measures in Seoul, Korea: a comparative analysis

Changes in the relationship between childhood asthma and ambient air pollution in Taiwan: Results from a nationwide survey repeated 5 years apart

Air pollutants and primary allergy prevention

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