The effects of polarization mode dispersion on 2D wavelength-hopping time spreading code routed networks

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the effects of multiple access interference (MAI) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in 2D wavelength-hopping time spreading optical code paths. The main results show the MAI effects and PMD constraint at the outage probability. The contribution of these sources of interference is analysed to choose the better design of code parameters in order to increase the performance of networks based on optical code paths. These results could be applied to determine the parameters design in code/wavelength routed networks.

The effects of multiple access interference and polarization mode dispersion on the outage probability and blocking probability in optical code paths

“…D PMD of 0.1 ps= p km and link length of 30 and 60 km. We consider the packet length of 500 bytes, continuous data stream ( D 1) and the maximum PER permitted (PER MAX / of 10 8 , this value is applied to obtain the Q limit in (13). We also consider a pulse form factor A D 16 and a power splitting ratio D 0:5.…”

“…If a minimal Q ‐factor is given, which is needed for error‐free transmission, an outage probability (OP) can be calculated by …”

“…If a minimal Q-factor is given, which is needed for error-free transmission, an outage probability (OP) can be calculated by [13] OP D Q limit Z 0 PDF.Q PMD /dQ (13)…”

Energy efficiency in optical CDMA networks with forward error correction

“…Parameter g i j encompasses the fiber attenuation and power losses caused by encoders, decoders and star coupler, as discussed in previous section. σ 2 is the average variance of the Hamming aperiodic cross-correlation amplitude [8]. N eq is the spontaneous amplified emission (ASE) noise power accumulation in chains of optical amplifiers, including the preamplifier at the receiver, according to the recursive model presented in [9].…”

“…Despite of the physical impairments restrictions of the OCDMA transmission schemes for long distances [8][9][10], this technology is very attractive to meet a broad range of services with different and variable demands of bit rate requirement, connection duration, frequency of use and setup time for metropolitan area networks coverage. In OCDMA networks, each different code defines a user and different code users can share a common channel.…”