The effects of porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine fed to 105 or 127 kilograms2

Me, Johnston; Jl, Nelssen; Rd, Goodband; Dh, Kropf; Rh, Hines; Br, Schricker

doi:10.2527/1993.71112986x

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The effects of slaughter age. Age at slaughter did not affect growth rate which agrees with Johnston et al (1993) and Candek-Potokar et al (1998) with pigs from 100 to 130 kg body weight (BW). However, Albar et al (1990) with castrates and gilts of similar weights reported that daily gains decreased with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effect of gender, terminal sire line and age at slaughter on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs

Latorre

Medel

Fuentetaja³

et al. 2003

Anim. Sci.

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Two hundred and forty pigs of 56 ± 3 days of age were used to investigate the effects of sex (barrows; gilts), boar sire (DD, Danish Duroc; ND ✕ LW, Dutch Duroc ✕ Large White ; P ✕ LW, Pietrain ✕ Large White) and slaughter age (160; 175 days) on performance and carcass and meat quality. Treatments were arranged factorially (2 ✕ 3 ✕ 2) and there were four replicates (five pigs per replicate) per treatment. The female line was Landrace ✕ Large White in all cases. Barrows had greater daily food intake ( P < 0·001) and average daily gain ( P < 0·01) and had poorer food conversion ratio ( P < 0·001) than gilts. Carcasses from castrates were fatter and had a lower yield of trimmed lean cuts than carcasses from females ( P < 0·001). Longissimus muscle from barrows had more intramuscular fat and higher a* value than muscle from gilts ( P < 0·05). Pigs from DD sire line grew faster ( P < 0·05) and had a better food conversion ratio ( P < 0·001) than pigs from the other two lines. Dressing proportion and backfat thickness were greatest for P ✕ LW sired pigs ( P < 0·01) and proportion of trimmed lean cuts was greater for DD and P ✕ LW than for ND ✕ LW sired pigs ( P < 0·01). Longissimus muscle from DD sired pigs had less protein ( P < 0·01) and more intramuscular fat ( P < 0·001) than muscle from the remaining lines. Longissimus muscle from P ✕ LW line had more intense colour than muscle from DD and ND ✕ LW lines ( P < 0·01). Pigs slaughtered at 175 days had poorer food conversion ratio ( P < 0·01) and less trimmed primal cut proportion ( P < 0·001) than pigs slaughtered at 160 days. Also, increasing the age at slaughter increased intramuscular fat content ( P < 0·01), a* value ( P < 0·001) and colour intensity of the muscle ( P < 0·01). Danish Duroc boars are a good alternative to ND ✕ LW or P ✕ LW boars for production of heavy pigs whether the crossbreds are sacrificed at 160 or 175 days. Also, an increase in age at slaughter impairs growth efficiency and yield of lean cuts but improves some aspects of meat quality, which might be of interest in the production of heavy pigs destined for the dry-cured product industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effect of gender, terminal sire line and age at slaughter on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs

Latorre

Medel

Fuentetaja³

et al. 2003

Anim. Sci.

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“…It was shown previously that pST treatment increases the efficiency with which nutrients are used for muscle mass gain by redistributing nutrients from fat to muscle (5,6,17,19,35,48). Treatment with pST has been shown to increase whole body (24,47) and skeletal muscle (5,33,45) protein synthesis rates; however, the mechanism through which this occurs is unknown. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have shown that pST increases muscle protein synthesis in the fed state but not in the fasted state (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by somatotropin in pigs is independent of the somatotropin-induced increase in circulating insulin

Wilson

Orellana

Suryawan

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Chronic treatment of growing pigs with porcine somatotropin (pST) promotes protein synthesis and doubles postprandial levels of insulin, a hormone that stimulates translation initiation. This study aimed to determine whether the pST-induced increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis was mediated through an insulin-induced stimulation of translation initiation. After 7-10 days of pST (150 microg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or control saline treatment, pancreatic glucose-amino acid clamps were performed in overnight-fasted pigs to reproduce 1) fasted (5 microU/ml), 2) fed control (25 microU/ml), and 3) fed pST-treated (50 microU/ml) insulin levels while glucose and amino acids were maintained at baseline fasting levels. Fractional protein synthesis rates and indexes of translation initiation were examined in skeletal muscle. Effectiveness of pST treatment was confirmed by reduced urea nitrogen and elevated insulin-like growth factor I levels in plasma. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was independently increased by both insulin and pST. Insulin increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and the downstream effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1). Furthermore, insulin reduced inactive 4E-BP1.eIF4E complex association and increased active eIF4E.eIF4G complex formation, indicating enhanced eIF4F complex assembly. However, pST treatment did not alter translation initiation factor activation. We conclude that the pST-induced stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in growing pigs is independent of the insulin-associated activation of translation initiation.

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“…Very few researchers have measured the effects of dietary lysine and pST on protein deposition in heavy pigs. In one such study, Johnston et al (1993) offered diets ranging from 8 to 14 g lysine/kg to barrows treated with pST (4 mg/d) over the live weight ranges of 59 to 105 kg and 105 to 127 kg. Increasing dietary lysine increased protein deposition in a quadratic manner (P = 0.08) between 59 and 105 kg and linearly (P < 0.01) between 105 and 127 kg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships between dietary lysine, sex, and porcine somatotropin administration on growth performance and protein deposition in pigs between 80 and 120 kg live weight.

King

Campbell²,

Smits³

et al. 2000

Journal of Animal Science

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Sixty male and 60 female crossbred pigs were allocated to an experiment to investigate the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (0 or 6 mg/d) and dietary lysine content on growth performance, tissue deposition, and carcass characteristics over the live weight range of 80 to 120 kg. Pigs receiving pST were given diets containing 6.9, 7.8, 8.8, 9.7, 10.6, or 11.5 g lysine/kg, whereas control pigs received diets containing 4.8, 5.8, 6.9, 7.8, 8.8 or 9.7 g lysine/kg. These dietary levels ranged from 0.40 to 0.70 g available lysine/MJ of DE for pST-treated pigs and from 0.28 to 0.58 g available lysine/MJ of DE for control pigs. Pigs were individually housed in pens, and there were five replicates of each treatment. All diets contained 14.5 MJ of DE/kg and were offered for ad libitum consumption to pigs between 80 and 120 kg live weight. Growth rate increased exponentially and food conversion ratio (FCR) decreased exponentially with increasing levels of lysine. In addition, there was a significant sex x pST interaction such that pST reduced the sex difference in FCR. Growth rate was faster in boars than in gilts and was increased by pST at the higher levels of dietary lysine. Similarly, FCR was lower for boars than for gilts and was decreased by pST at the higher dietary lysine levels. The optimum growth rate and FCR were defined as the lysine level at which growth rate and FCR were 95% and 105%, respectively, of the lysine plateau. The optimum growth rate and FCR were achieved at similar dietary lysine contents and were approximately 0.35 and 0.52 g available lysine/MJ of DE for control and pST-treated pigs, respectively. Protein deposition in the carcass increased exponentially with increasing dietary lysine level, was higher in boars than in gilts, and was increased by pST at the higher dietary lysine contents. Sex had no effect on dietary lysine required to maximize protein deposition. The dietary lysine contents required to ensure 95% of plateau protein deposition of 104 and 153 g/d were 0.39 and 0.55 g available lysine/MJ of DE for control and pST-treated pigs, respectively. The increase in lysine requirement with pST seems to be commensurate with the increase in protein deposition.

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The effects of porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine fed to 105 or 127 kilograms2

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of gender, terminal sire line and age at slaughter on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs

Effect of gender, terminal sire line and age at slaughter on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs

Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by somatotropin in pigs is independent of the somatotropin-induced increase in circulating insulin

Interrelationships between dietary lysine, sex, and porcine somatotropin administration on growth performance and protein deposition in pigs between 80 and 120 kg live weight.

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