The effects of poverty stereotype threat on inhibition ability in individuals from different income‐level families

Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Scalp Event-Related Potentials: A Systematic Review

“…However, results involving the P3 ERP do not suggest any systematic task-related effects on the relationship between SES and ERP amplitudes. Specifically, similar SES effects on the P3 are observed when attentional tasks of different modalities were used (Katus et al, 2020 ; Wang and Yang, 2020 ) and differences in SES effects on the P3 were found when tasks tapping similar processes are used (Ruberry et al, 2017 ; St. John et al, 2019 ). Overall, this systematic review is unable to establish with certainty whether there are effects of behavioral task differences on the SES-ERP relationship.…”

“…Two studies found no P3 amplitude difference between SES groups (Kishiyama et al, 2009 ; Ruberry et al, 2017 ) in samples of children. However, Wang and Yang ( 2020 ) found larger P3 amplitude and latency for high-SES compared to low-SES adult participants in a word-matching task. Katus et al ( 2020 ) compared 1–5 months old from a low-income country (Gambia) to a high-income country (UK).…”

“…Similarly, St. John et al ( 2019 ) found that high-SES children at 4.5 to 5.5 years-old show increased P3 amplitudes compared to their low-SES counterparts using a go/no-go task. It is also important to know that Wang and Yang ( 2020 ) and Katus et al ( 2020 ) have examined the P3 from frontal sites and St John has obtained effects in posterior sites. Therefore, the former probably reflects the P3a subtype and the latter probably conforms to the P3b.…”

“…For instance, Katus et al ( 2020 ) failed to observe effects of SES on the P1/N1 components using a midfrontal electrode, whereas Kishiyama et al ( 2009 ) were able to observe SES effects on these potentials with posterior electrodes. However, The P3 was sensitive to SES both on frontal (Katus et al, 2020 ; Wang and Yang, 2020 ) and posterior electrodes (St. John et al, 2019 ).…”

Development of working memory and inhibitory control in early childhood: Cross-sectional analysis by age intervals and gender in Ecuadorian preschoolers

“…An alternative explanation for the observed variability lies in the quality of early stimulation and cognitive training provided to children within the home environment before exposure to the homogenizing influence of the academic context [ 85 – 88 ]. Cross-cultural studies propose that the variability in certain measures could stem from the modulating effect of environmental variables specific to a cultural context.…”