The effects of pre-ordering and behavioral nudges on National School Lunch Program participants’ food item selection

Miller, Gabrielle F.; Gupta, Sonam; Kropp, Jaclyn D.; Grogan, Kelly A.; Mathews, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.joep.2016.02.010

Cited by 59 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Twelve studies (41%) used strong study designs, including nine cluster randomized trials [30,32,36,37,41,44,45,51,55] and three crossover study designs [34,46,50]. Nine studies (31%) used moderately strong study designs, including five non-randomized controlled trials [31,33,35,47,49] and four cross-sectional studies [23,29,43,48]. Eight studies (28%) used weak study designs, including six non-controlled trials [38,42,[52][53][54]56] and two before-after studies [39,40].…”

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of school meal nudge interventions to improve youth food behaviors

Metcalfe

Ellison

Hamdi

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background: School meal programs have a large reach and thus are ideal environments in which to implement interventions targeting improved youth eating behaviors and reduced food waste. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the effectiveness of school meal nudge interventions on influencing children's eating and waste behaviors. Methods: Inclusion criteria required studies have participants in primary or secondary school (grades K-12) with interventions that occurred during school lunch or breakfast in the cafeteria and included at least one of the following outcomes: selection, consumption, waste, or school meal participation. Analyses of intervention outcomes were restricted to studies of strong and moderate quality. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included in the quality assessment. Included interventions fell into three categories: 1) placement/convenience, 2) marketing/promotion, or 3) variety/portions. The 20 strong and moderate quality studies included in outcome analyses generally used strong data collection methods and study designs, but were limited by an overall lack of intervention fidelity checks. Multi-component interventions often did not use methods that allowed for separate analyses of outcomes for different intervention components. Conclusions: School meal nudge interventions were positively associated with food selection, and had an inconsistent relationship with food consumption. There were few studies evaluating the impact of nudge interventions on meal participation or food waste. The limited evidence available links nudges to improved meal participation, as well as undesirable increases in food waste. Future research in this area should use methods that incorporate implementation metrics, attend to systems factors, and allow the outcomes of individual intervention components to be isolated.

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Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of school meal nudge interventions to improve youth food behaviors

Metcalfe

Ellison

Hamdi

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When students selected their meals and did not choose a healthy component, they received a personalized message to urge them to add it to their meal. This intervention influenced intake substantially: for example, students selected 27% more fruits relative to students in the control group (Miller et al, 2016). Nevertheless, not all interventions are effective, as a recent review on free distribution of vegetables in a school setting did not show a significant effect on intake levels (Nornberg et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Role Of the Food And Eating Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are school meals a viable and sustainable tool to improve the healthiness and sustainability of children´s diet and food consumption? A cross-national comparative perspective

Oostindjer

Aschemann‐Witzel

Wang

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

162

153

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There is little agreement among governments, institutions, scientists and food activists as to how to best tackle the challenging issues of health and sustainability in the food sector. This essay discusses the potential of school meals as a platform to promote healthy and sustainable food behavior. School meal programs are of particular interest for improving public diet because they reach children at a population scale across socio-economic classes and for over a decade of their lives, and because food habits of children are more malleable than those of adults. Current research on the history and health implications of school meal programs is reviewed in a cross-national comparative framework, and arguments explored that speak for the need of a new developmental phase of school meals as an integrative learning platform for healthy and sustainable food behavior. Nutritional, social, practical, educational, economical, political, and cultural perspectives and challenges linked to the implementation of healthy and sustainable school meals are discussed. Finally, the need for long-term interventions and evaluations is highlighted and new research directions are proposed.

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“…A behavioral interrupt can derail these reflexive decisions and lead to more thoughtful food decisions. For example, students asked to select their lunch options in the morning rather than while in the lunch line (when they are hungry and exposed to food smells and noise) decrease their selection of starchy sides by 25% and increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables . Others find that simply asking a customer at a quick‐service Chinese restaurant if they are willing to forgo a side dish to save calories (while paying the same amount) induces roughly one‐third of customers to respond affirmatively .…”

Section: Novel Approaches For Multidisciplinary Prevention and Intervmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appetite self‐regulation: Environmental and policy influences on eating behaviors

Schwartz

Just

Chriqui

et al. 2017

Obesity

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Objective: Appetite regulation is influenced by the environment, and the environment is shaped by foodrelated policies. This review summarizes the environment and policy research portion of an NIH Workshop (Bethesda, MD, 2015) titled "Self-Regulation of Appetite-It's Complicated." Methods: In this paper, we begin by making the case for why policy is an important tool in efforts to improve nutrition, and we introduce an ecological framework that illustrates the multiple layers that influence what people eat. We describe the state of the science on how policies influence behavior in several key areas: the federal food programs, schools, child care, food and beverage pricing, marketing to youth, behavioral economics, and changing defaults. Next, we propose novel approaches for multidisciplinary prevention and intervention strategies to promote breastfeeding, and examine interactions between psychology and the environment. Results: Policy and environmental change are the most distal influences on individual-level appetite regulation, yet these strategies can reach many people at once by changing the environment in which food choices are made. We note the need for more research to understand compensatory behavior, reactance, and how to effectively change social norms. Conclusions: To move forward, we need a more sophisticated understanding of how individual psychological and biological factors interact with the environment and policy influences.

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The effects of pre-ordering and behavioral nudges on National School Lunch Program participants’ food item selection

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

A systematic review of school meal nudge interventions to improve youth food behaviors

A systematic review of school meal nudge interventions to improve youth food behaviors

Are school meals a viable and sustainable tool to improve the healthiness and sustainability of children´s diet and food consumption? A cross-national comparative perspective

Appetite self‐regulation: Environmental and policy influences on eating behaviors

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