The effects of promoter variations of the N-Methylcanadine 1-Hydroxylase (CYP82Y1) gene on the noscapine production in opium poppy

Abstract

Noscapine is an antitumor alkaloid produced in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and some members of the Papaveraceae family. It has been primarily used for its antitussive effects; more recently, its anticancer properties were shown. Herein, we detected an SSR embedded in the promoter region of the CYP82Y1 gene, which was found to be the first committed-step enzyme in the noscapine biosynthesis pathway, using the MISA program. Some collected ecotypes of P. somniferum were investigated for understanding of SSRs role in the regulation of gene expression and metabolite content. Quantitative PCR showed that a variation in the motif repeat number (either a decrease or increase) down-regulated the expression of the CYP82Y1 gene. Furthermore, the analysis of noscapine content suggested that a variation in the promoter region influence noscapine amount. Moreover, P. bracteatum was analyzed in both transcript and metabolite levels, and illustrated much less expression and metabolite level in comparison to P. somniferum. By exploiting the transcriptome data from the eight genera of the Papaveraceae family, we found that noscapine biosynthesis genes are present in P. bracteatum and are not shared in other genera of the Papaveraceae family. This results may explain production of a confined metabolite within a genus.

Transcriptome Profiling of Two Ornamental and Medicinal Papaver Herbs

“…Two enzymes (( S )-cheilanthifoline synthase (K21070) and methyl-tetra-hydro-protoberberine 14-monooxygenase (K21692)) were only shown to be present in the two genomes ( Macleaya cordata and Papaver ) that are involved in the biosynthesis of protopine and sanguinarine [ 48 , 49 ]. Finally, the two enzymes were shown to be specific to the Papaver genome, 1,13-dihydroxy- N -methylcandine 13- O -acetyltransferase (K22095), and N -methylcanadine 1-hydroxylase (K20621), which are involved in the biosynthesis of noscapine [ 50 , 51 ]. N -methylcanadine 1-hydroxylase is a rate-limiting factor for noscapine production.…”

New insights into diosgenin biosynthesis pathway and its regulation in Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.

“…The expression of ∆ 24 ‐reductase in the HCD genotypes up‐regulated, indicating the critical role of this gene in accumulation of diosgenin. We have previously reported that a rate‐limiting gene regularly controls regulation of a metabolite pathway . In opium poppy, for instance, the higher expression of CYP82Y1 boosted the production of noscapine .…”

“…We have previously reported that a rate‐limiting gene regularly controls regulation of a metabolite pathway . In opium poppy, for instance, the higher expression of CYP82Y1 boosted the production of noscapine . Accordingly, in this research the role of ∆ 24 ‐reductase is critical and controls the production of diosgenin.…”

“…Comparing transcriptomics and metabolomics data is undoubtedly one of the most efficient ways to study the corresponding genes. So far, some studies in order to assess the metabolite content and their relation with the activity of a certain gene have been conducted . In all of these studies, we found that the higher expression of a rate‐limiting gene can lead to higher accumulation of the precious metabolite.…”

Identification and expression analysis of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase isoform genes and determination of allicin contents in Allium species

“…The results showed that allicin contents and alliinase gene expression levels in the Alliums were highly variable (Figs 4 and 5). Numerous factors affect the production of secondary metabolites in plants such as genotype, plant genetic, plant physiology, environmental and ecological conditions [49][50][51]52,[53][54][55]. To eliminate the environmental effects, the plants were propagated under the same conditions.…”