The effects of Propiscin (etomidate) on the behaviour, heart rate, and ventilation of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

And Respiratory Functions and Behaviour of Common Carp, <I>Cyprinus Carpio</I> L. (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), During General Anaesthesia

“…Similar observation was reported by Hajek and Kłyszejko (2004). The results also correspond with clinical research on humans.…”

“…Many authors (Amend et al 1982, Gilderhus and Marking 1987, Kouřil et al 2001, Hajek and Kłyszejko 2004 found that full recovery after Table 3 Mean times of loss and recovery of locomotor equilibrium in fish subjected to selected anaesthetics Propiscin-induced anaesthesia was several times longer than anaesthesia caused by other agents. Hajek and Kłyszejko (2004) observed, that 7-min exposure of common carp to Propiscin (2.0 mL · L -1 ) prolonged recovery to 31 min. Kouřil et al (2001) compared 3 anaesthetics (Propiscin, 2-phenoxyethanol, and clove oil) and observed that the longest time of recovery from anaesthesia was characteristic for Propiscin.…”

“…The method can be especially valuable, when anaesthesia must be maintained for some time. Hajek and Kłyszejko (2004) demonstrated, that forced water flow through the gills of Propiscin-anaesthetized carps immediately increased their heart rate. This might indicate, that the bradycardia observed during anaesthesia with Propiscin was not caused by the anaesthetic directly, but mainly by the cessation of water flow through the gills.…”

Use of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) to induce anaesthesia in Puntius denisonii (Day, 1865) (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a threatened barb of the Western Ghats, India

“…Overdose of an anaesthetic or retaining the fish in an anaesthetic bath for too long leads to the fading of ventilation, hypoxia, and finally, respiratory and cardiac collapse (Tytler & Hawkins 1981). The fading of ventilation is an important warning sign suggesting that the exposure should be terminated (Hajek & Klyszejko 2004;Dziaman et al 2005).…”

Propiscin — A safe anaesthetic for pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca L.)

“…Since this anaesthetic does not have a significant impact on fish physiology, it is viewed as a substance of low toxicity and insignificant side effects (Kazuń and Siwicki, 2012). Etomidate is used fairly widely to induce general anaesthesia in fish in experimental aquaculture (Hajek and Kłyszejko, 2004). It is often used in research work focusing on the controlled reproduction and rearing of pikeperch in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) (Zakęś et al, 2013).…”