“…This model has since been corroborated by the findings of a few studies that, using mood induction, have demonstrated that lowering mood results in an increased rate of challenging behavior (Carr, McLaughlin, Giacobbe-Grieco, & Smith, 2003;Durand & Mapstone, 1998). Whilst Lowry's model is certainly more sophisticated than the arguably reductionist depressive equivalent approach, it does not account for other variables that could be acting as setting events for both depression and challenging behavior, such as pain, which research indicates has a clear association with both challenging behavior and low mood (Breau & Camfield, 2011;Carr & Owen-DeSchryver, 2007;Symons & Danov, 2005;Tervo, Symons, Stout, & Novacheck, 2006).…”