The effects of radiation and experimental conditions over papain nanoparticle formation: Towards a new generation synthesis

Fazolin, G.N.; Varca, Gustavo H.C.; Kadłubowski, Sławomir; Sowinski, S.; Lugão, Ademar B.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.08.033

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This activity loss is expected due to radiation exposure and it is not critical. Such results were in agreement with those obtained by Fazolin et al [14], considering the parameters adopted in this research.…”

Section: Semi-solid Formulation Stability Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Fazolin et al [28] demonstrated that these crosslinks generated in the nanoparticles are rather intramolecular, highlighting no significant changes in the molecular weight of the nanoparticles, and are followed by an increase in bityrosine levels if compared to native papain. Thus, the above-mentioned data highlight the reproducibility of papain nanoparticle synthesis if compared to other reports available in the literature [14,33] and suitable for the development of the study proposed.…”

Section: Nanoparticlessupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The fluorescence emission spectrum of bityrosine was then verified using excitation wavelength (λ Ex ) at 350 nm and scanning the emission length (λ Em ) ranging from 375 to 500 nm, with excitation and emission bandwidths of 9 and 15 nm. This assay was performed in SpectraMax i3 Multi-Mode (Molecular Devices, San José, CA, USA) [14].…”

Section: Nanoparticles Crosslinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of enzyme nanoparticles represents an alternative to overcome such problems [11]. For instance, papain nanoparticles previously reported by Varca and co-workers [12][13][14] were hypothesized to have better biopharmaceutical properties-such as cell-specific targeting and improved drug loading capacity-than their bulk counterparts and may be a possible solution for cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations for the Delivery of Papain Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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Papain is a therapeutic enzyme with restricted applications due to associated allergenic reactions. Papain nanoparticles have shown to be safe for biomedical use, although a method for proper drug loading and release remains to be developed. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and assess the stability of papain nanoparticles in a prototype semi-solid formulation suitable for dermatological or topical administrations. Papain nanoparticles of 7.0 ± 0.1 nm were synthesized and loaded into carboxymethylcellulose- and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based gels. The formulations were then assayed for preliminary stability, enzyme activity, cytotoxicity studies, and characterized according to their microstructures and protein distribution. The formulations were suitable for papain nanoparticle loading and provided a stable environment for the nanoparticles. The enzyme distribution along the gel matrix was homogeneous for all the formulations, and the proteolytic activity was preserved after the gel preparation. Both gels presented a slow release of the papain nanoparticles for four days. Cell viability assays revealed no potential cytotoxicity, and the presence of the nanoparticles did not alter the microstructure of the gel. The developed systems presented a potential for biomedical applications, either as drug delivery systems for papain nanoparticles and/or its complexes.

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Section: Semi-solid Formulation Stability Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Nanoparticlessupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Nanoparticles Crosslinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations for the Delivery of Papain Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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“…Some non-ionizing sources of radiation such as microwave and ultraviolet (UV) light under specific wavelengths may also be applied. Examples of nanostructures that may be designed and synthesized by using radiation include metal nanoparticles [ 8 ], organic nanoparticles such as proteins [ 9 ] and enzymes [ 10 ], hybrid nanoparticles [ 11 ], nanocomposites [ 12 ], nanogels [ 13 , 14 ], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Radiation Technologies

et al. 2018

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At a nano-level, optical properties of gold are unique and gave birth to an emerging platform of nanogold-based systems for diverse applications, because gold nanoparticle properties are tunable as a function of size and shape. Within the available techniques for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, the radiolytic synthesis allows proper control of the nucleation process without the need for reducing agents, in a single step, combined or not with simultaneous sterilization. This review details and summarizes the use of radiation technologies for the synthesis and preparation of gold nanoparticles concerning fundamental aspects, mechanism, current pathways for synthesis and radiation sources, as well as briefly outlines final applications and some toxicity aspects related to nanogold-based systems.

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