The effects of radiation on cell membranes

Patrick, G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-70775-6.50008-4

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Radiation can cause damage in biological membranes, and lipid peroxidation or distortion of SH-groups of membrane proteins is suggested as being responsible for the damage (Wills 1969,1970, Wills and Wilkinson 1970, Petkau 1971, Mead 1976, Raleigh et al 1977, Yukawa and Nakazawa 1980, Nakazawa and Nagatsuka 1980, Nakazawa et al 1981, Nagatsuka and Nakazawa 1982, Gerber and Altman 1970, Patrick 1977. However, we showed little or no involvement of lipid peroxidation in radiation damage to membranes of E. coli UFAtS (Suzuki andAkamatsu 1978,1980), mouse fibroblast LM cells (Suzuki et al 1982 a) and the thermophilic bacterium HB-8 (Suzuki et al 1982 b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and⁶⁰Co γ-rays

Suzuki

1985

International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies

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When exposed to either u.v. radiation or 60Co gamma-rays, the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB-8, which can grow at 49-85 degrees C, lost its ability to take up extracellular K+ in a dose-dependent manner. However, the loss was reduced by incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure to u.v. radiation or gamma-rays. Cell survival after exposure to 60Co gamma-rays, as measured by colony formation, was increased by incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure, whereas cell survival after u.v. radiation was not. These results, therefore, indicate that the loss of ability of cells to take up K+ after u.v. radiation was not due to cell death but some damage to the membrane itself, and that the membrane damage can be repaired. Lipid peroxidation is not responsible for the membrane damage, because HB-8 cells do not contain unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and⁶⁰Co γ-rays

Suzuki

1985

International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies

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“…However, we still have no exact information concerning the radiation-induced decrease in T for tryptophan. Considering the known formation of disulphide bonds (Myers 1970, Patrick 1977 and the increase of shielding of membrane protein aminogroups to labelling with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (Fomenko et al . 1980) and to tyrosine lactoperoxidase iodination (Thomas et al 1973) which occur after irradiation, it seems more reasonable to expect a decrease of protein mobility .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plasma membrane of cells has been studied by many radiobiologists and the functional and structural changes induced by irradiation repeatedly discussed in the literature (Myers 1970, Patrick 1977, Koteles 1979, Fomenko and Akoev 1982 . However, it should be noted that the main object of such studies has been the erythrocyte membrane .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Tryptophan Fluorescence of Thymocyte and Erythrocyte Plasma Membranes

Fomenko

Dovgii

Akoev

1983

International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies

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The effect of ionizing radiation on tryptophan fluorescence of thymocyte and erythrocyte plasma membrane preparations was studied. The intensity of tryptophan fluorescence decreased after applying radiation doses up to 15 Gy. The radiosensitivity of thymocyte membranes appeared to be higher than that of the erythrocyte ghosts. Tryptophan radiolysis did not significantly contribute to the effects of radiation. The fraction of tryptophan residues accessible for quenching by I- decreased from 0.87 in the untreated membranes to 0.63 and 0.49 in membranes after doses of 10 and 250 Gy, respectively. The effective quenching constant and the tryptophan fluorescence polarization increased after irradiation. The mechanisms producing these radiation-induced changes are discussed.

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“…An alternative explanation for the irradiation effect on escape is that there is disruption of normal cell membrane function [21]. Such relatively nonspecific damage seems unlikely, though, because of the normal levels of CT binding to calvaria observed after irradiation, as well as the observation that the cyclic AMP response to CT is unimpaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin interactions in bone: Irradiation-induced inhibition of escape in vitro

1982

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Summary. Calcitonin (CT) inhibits hormonally stimulated bone resorption only transiently in vitro. This phenomenon has been termed "escape," but the mechanism for the effect is not understood. One possible explanation is that bone cell differentiation and recruitment of specific precursor cells, in response to stimulators of resorption, lead to the appearance of osteoclasts that are unresponsive to CT. To test this hypothesis, cell proliferation in neonatal mouse calvaria in organ culture was inhibited by irradiation from a cobalt-60 source. At a dose of 6000 R, [:~H]thymidine incorporation into intact calvaria was inhibited approximately 90%. Irradiation had no effect on the resorptive response to 0.1 U/ml parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the escape response which was maximal at 6000 R. A dose of 6000 R did not affect the binding of 1251-salmon CT to calvaria and decreased PTH stimulation of cyclic AMP release from bone without affecting the cyclic AMP response to CT. Although irradiation caused a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis, the dose-response curves for that effect and inhibition of escape were not superimposable.A morphologic study of hormonally treated calvaria demonstrated that irradiation prevented the early increase in number of osteoclasts in PTHtreated calvaria that had been observed previously in unirradiated bones. Autoradiography showed that irradiation also prevented the PTH-stimulated recruitment of newly divided mononuclear cell precursors into osteoclasts. This may be correlated

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The effects of radiation on cell membranes

Cited by 13 publications

References 108 publications

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and⁶⁰Co γ-rays

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and⁶⁰Co γ-rays

The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Tryptophan Fluorescence of Thymocyte and Erythrocyte Plasma Membranes

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin interactions in bone: Irradiation-induced inhibition of escape in vitro

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The effects of radiation on cell membranes

Cited by 13 publications

References 108 publications

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and60Co γ-rays

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and60Co γ-rays

The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Tryptophan Fluorescence of Thymocyte and Erythrocyte Plasma Membranes

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin interactions in bone: Irradiation-induced inhibition of escape in vitro

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Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and⁶⁰Co γ-rays

Membrane Damage and Its Repair in the Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus ThermophilusHB-8 Exposed to u.v. Radiation and⁶⁰Co γ-rays