The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sleep-wake behaviour and daytime sleepiness in team sport referees

Trabelsi, Khaled; Masmoudi, Liwa; Ammar, Achraf; Boukhris, Omar; Khacharem, Aïmen; Jemal, M.; Zlitni, Sahar; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Clark, Cain C. T.; Lastella, Michele; Chtourou, Hamdi

doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1935672

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As meal and physical activity timing are potent zeitgebers (from German synchronizers), Ramadan is a potent disrupter for Muslims' circadian rhythms in general and in particular Muslim athletes (8)(9)(10). Ramadan observance is accompanied by physiological (e.g., hypohydration, decreased body mass, and/or fat percent) (7) and behavioral (e.g., late meals, intentional nighttime wake ups, and reduced physical activities levels) (11,12) changes that affect Muslim athletes' training and sleeping behaviors. Indeed, recent systematic reviews reported that Ramadan observance could affect a wide range of physical performances even if many studies do not report any effect of Ramadan observance on certain physical activity performance measures (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, recent systematic reviews reported that Ramadan observance could affect a wide range of physical performances even if many studies do not report any effect of Ramadan observance on certain physical activity performance measures (13)(14)(15). Further, in athletes, sleep quality and total sleep duration were lower (11,16), daytime sleepiness was higher and daytime napping was longer (9,12) during compared to before Ramadan. One particularity about the 2020 Ramadan (23 April to 23 May), is that it coincided with the early 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveDisrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes.MethodsFrom an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020.ResultsThe lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes.ConclusionMuslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes

et al. 2022

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“…The second study evaluated the impact of RF on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in team sports referees. 65 Seventy-eight male amateur team sports referees participated in this study. Participants responded to the Arabic version of the PSQI and the ESS questionnaires before (10-days prior) and during (last 7 days) of the month of Ramadan.…”

Section: Highlights Of the Year's Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ramadan Fasting in Health and Disease in 2021: A Narrative Review

Hassan-Beck

Hafidh

Badi³

et al. 2022

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

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Introduction: The literature on the health aspects of Ramadan fasting (RF) is widely spread in many journals. Materials and Methods: This is a narrative review of data obtained from the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States). We used the search term “Ramadan fasting,” and relevant records were examined. The publications are narrated thematically. Results: The publications spanned fundamental, clinical, professional, cultural, and advocacy facets. The publications crossed conventional disciplinary lines and geographical locations and appeared in journals with different access systems. The contents are presented under the themes that emerged depending on the retrieved literature. This year basic coverage included changes in physiology and nutrition during Ramadan. However, the clinical issues included a wide range of topics. These included the impact of RF on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and adjustments needed in endocrine replacement therapy for hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Coverage also included chronic kidney disease. The impact on maternal health, fetal well-being, and long-term effects of RF exposures were addressed in several studies. Studies in cardiovascular medicine focused on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors. Sports medicine and athletes' well-being received somewhat prominent coverage. The impact on renal function, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease, was investigated by a few authors. Several groups addressed the eyes' structure and function, neurological conditions, especially headache disorders, and hematological and oncological conditions. Finally, the impact of RF on several aspects of mental health and well-being was addressed by various groups. Conclusions: Health aspects of RF received a sustained academic interest with a broad spectrum in 2021. This narration provides an overview of the year's scholarly health-related literature on various aspects of health and disease. It should help researchers and clinicians catch up quickly with the health concerns during Ramadan.

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“…Alterations in sleep and nutritional patterns during Ramadan induce endocrinological changes (9,34,35). Monoamines, particularly serotonin, modulate both sleep and metabolism (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This religious observance often conflicts with athletes' training schedules and competitive events, as mainstream sporting calendars do not accommodate religious practices (1,7). Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) has been shown to induce alterations in energy metabolism, hormonal fluctuations, and sleep pattern disruptions, which all could potentially influence athletic performances (8,9). Although current evidence predominantly suggests that RIF may impair aerobic rather than anaerobic capacity, there is a conspicuous absence of research examining its effects on repeated sprint performance -a form of exercise that relies on both anaerobic and aerobic metabolic pathways (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise

Özbay,

Ulupınar,

Gençoğlu

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionThis investigation aims to elucidate the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprints.MethodsFourteen active male Muslim athletes (age = 22.4 ± 1.8 years, body weight = 69.5 ± 3.8 kg, height = 176 ± 5.1 cm) executed a repeated sprint protocol, consisting of ten 20-meter sprints with 15-s passive recovery intervals, during both fasting and non-fasting conditions. The fasting session was conducted after a 12–14 h fast following Sahur (the pre-dawn meal during Ramadan). In contrast, the non-fasting session occurred before the Ramadan fasting period began, during the same hours of the day, at a time when fasting was not yet required for the athletes. Bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprints were quantified using the PCr-LA-O2 method.ResultsThe mean sprint time during fasting sessions was 3.4 ± 0.3 s compared to 3.3 ± 0.2 s in non-fasting sessions, indicating a trend approaching the threshold of significance for slower times in the fasted state (p = 0.052, effect size (ES) = 0.34). In terms of bioenergetic contributions, the total metabolic energy expenditure (TEE) was slightly lower during fasting sessions (236.5 ± 22 kJ) compared to non-fasting sessions (245.2 ± 21.7 kJ), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.102, ES = 0.40). Similarly, metabolic energy expenditure per sprint was 23.7 ± 2.2 kJ in fasting conditions compared to 24.5 ± 2.2 kJ in non-fasting conditions (p = 0.106, ES = 0.35). The oxidative energy contribution did not differ significantly between fasting (34.2 ± 4.1 kJ) and non-fasting conditions (34.2 ± 4.1 vs. 35.5 ± 5.2 kJ; p = 0.238, ES = 0.28). Similarly, lactic (60.4 ± 7.6 vs. 59.2 ± 8.3 kJ; p = 0.484, ES = 0.15); and alactic (149.3 ± 19.9 vs. 143 ± 21.5 kJ; p = 0.137, ES = 0.30) energy contributions showed no significant differences between the fasting and non-fasting sessions. The percentage of performance decrement (Pdec) and the percentage contributions of oxidative, lactic, and alactic pathways to the total energy expenditure did not differ significantly between the fasting and non-fasting conditions, indicating a similar bioenergetic profile across both conditions.ConclusionThe present findings indicate no significant differences in performance metrics and metabolic outcomes between fasted and non-fasted states. Future assessments with longer duration and higher intensity protocols may provide further insights.

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The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sleep-wake behaviour and daytime sleepiness in team sport referees

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes

Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes

Ramadan Fasting in Health and Disease in 2021: A Narrative Review

Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise

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