The effects of riboflavin on ischemia/reperfusion induced renal injury: Role on caspase-3 expression

Abstract

Reactive oxygen metabolites play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in several organ systems. Riboflavin has been shown to exert antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities in several experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of riboflavin against I/R injury in the rat kidney. Wistar albino rats 200-300 g weighing were divided into 3 groups. One week after unilateral nephrectomy, the IR procedure was applied to the rats. To induce I/R injury renal pedicle was clamped for 45 minutes and then rats were allowed reperfusion for 6 hours. Riboflavin (25 mg/kg, orally) or vehicle was administered for one week as pretreatment. After decapitation, kidney tissue samples were taken for the evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation; glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant; and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a specific marker of oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities were also examined together with histological analysis. Ischemia/reperfusion induced significant increases in MDA and 8-OHdG levels and MPO and caspase-3 activities, and decrese in GSH levels. In the riboflavin treatment these indices were found to be reversed back to control levels. The present data demonstrated that riboflavin, through its antioxidant effect, attenuates I/R induced acute renal injury in rats.

Riboflavin is an antioxidant: a review update

“…Moreover, beneficial effects of riboflavin on renal function biomarkers in renal toxicity (23) , biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and lipid profile in hepatotoxicity (26) , biomarkers of renal and liver function and fasting blood glucose in diabetes (31) , and markers of pulmonary permeability in lung injury (22) have been reported. Furthermore, as discussed in our previous review (12), riboflavin has also shown to have a protective effect against reperfusion oxidative injury (the tissue damage occurs after a period of ischemia as a result of blood reperfusion) of different organs in experimental models, a finding which has been supported by the recent findings (59)(60)(61)(62) . Therefore, the antioxidant effects of riboflavin could make it a potential therapeutic agent in mentioned conditions and other diseases in which oxidative stress is involved.…”