The effects of river flooding on dioxin and PCBs in beef

Lake, Iain R.; Foxall, Chris; Fernandes, Alwyn; Lewis, Mervyn K.; White, Oliver; Mortimer, D. C.; Dowding, Alan; Rose, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.080

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is a quantitative approach for combining evidence to support a hypothesis and was originally developed to support medical diagnosis. It is now used in a number of different fields including environmental food contaminants (Lake et al, 2014). The practical application of the approach in this work is demonstrated in Figure 2, where tissue concentrations, ordered from lowest  ↑ Some evidence of uptakethe minimum concentration in the recycled material group is greater than the median concentration of the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The potential of recycled materials used in agriculture to contaminate food through uptake by livestock

Fernandes

Lake

Dowding

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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The potential for contaminant uptake from recycled materials used in livestock farming, to animal tissues and organs, was investigated in three practical modular studies involving broiler chickens, laying chickens and pigs. Six types of commercially available recycled materials were used either as bedding material for chickens or as fertilizer for cropland that later housed outdoor reared pigs. The contaminants studied included regulated contaminants e.g. polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, dioxins) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but related contaminants such as polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), hexabrominated cyclododecane (HBCDD), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polybrominated dioxins (PBDD/Fs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were also investigated. Contaminant occurrence in the recycled materials was verified prior to the studies and the relationship to tissue and egg concentrations in market ready animals was investigated using a weights of evidence approach. Contaminant uptake to animal tissues and eggs was observed in all the studies but the extent varied depending on the species and the recycled material. PCBs, PBDEs, PCDD/Fs, PCNs and PFAS showed the highest potential to transfer, with laying chickens showing the most pronounced effects. PBDD/Fs showed low concentrations in the recycled materials, making it difficult to evaluate potential transfer. Higher resulting occurrence levels in laying chickens relative to broilers suggests that period of contact with the materials may influence the extent of uptake in chickens. Bio-transfer factors (BTFs) estimated for PCDD/F and PCBs showed a greater magnitude for chicken muscle tissue relative to pigs with the highest values observed for PCBs in laying chickens. There were no significant differences between BTFs for the different chicken tissues which contrasted with the high BTF values for pigs liver relative to muscle. The study raises further questions which require investigation such as the effects of ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The potential of recycled materials used in agriculture to contaminate food through uptake by livestock

Fernandes

Lake

Dowding

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Whilst current exposure pathways include the uptake of the semi-volatile PCBs via atmospheric emissions a potentially major future risk arises from flooding (Weber et al 2012; Wölz et al 2008). The associated remobilisation of PCBs in sediments contaminating can contaminate flood plains and increase uptake via hens/eggs and grazing cattle (Lake et al 2014; Rose et al 2013). The river Laborec has flooded with devastating effect in the past (particularly in 1902, 1907, 1913, 1926 and 1931).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of human exposure to PCBs around a former production site in Slovakia

Wimmerová

Watson²,

Drobná

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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We evaluated concentrations of 15 PCB congeners in blood serum of 2,047 adults, 431 8-9-years old children and 1,134 mother-child pairs born in 2001-2003. These subjects were long-standing residents living up to 70 km (to the north) and up to 50 km (to the south) of the former Chemko Strážske PCB production facility in the Michalovce district of Slovakia. We plotted serum concentration against distance from the plant both with and without consideration of the direction of their homes from the site. The decrease in exposure with distance could be described by an exponential function which was dependent on direction and climatic parameters. By kriging we created maps depicting predicted isoconcentration contours for sex- and age-adjusted serum concentration of ΣPCBs for the same group of children, adults and mothers. The principle of our risk analysis was to relate serum concentration data, reflecting PCB body burden, using the critical concentrations established by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES 2010) as thresholds below which the probability of effects on health is regarded as negligible. We conclude that 10 years ago around 200,000 residents were at risk in this densely populated area. Exposure has since decreased but the mechanism for this has not yet been studied.

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“…The impacts of sediment-bound pollutants are particularly aggravated during storm events, when these deposits may be mobilized (Wölz et al [ 27 ]; Weber et al [ 28 ]). In addition to increased exposure of aquatic organisms, such as fishes, these sediments can also be transferred to floodplains where they can contaminate the food chain via grazing cattle (Lake et al [ 29 ]; Lake et al [ 30 ], Schulz et al [ 31 ], Kamphues et al [ 32 ]), Weber et al 2015 [ 33 ].…”

Section: Background: Pcdd/fs and Dl-pcbs In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxin in the Elbe river basin: policy and science under the water framework directive 2000–2015 and toward 2021

et al. 2016

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A critical review of the last 25 years of dioxin policy in the Elbe river catchment is presented along seven main theses of the River Basin Community (RBC)-Elbe background document “Pollutants” for the Management Plan 2016–2021. In this period, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) will play a major role: (i) as new priority substances for which environmental quality standards (EQSs) need to be derived (Directive 2013/39/EC); (ii) in the search for innovative solutions in sediment remediation (i.e., respecting the influence of mechanical processes; Flood Risk Directive 2007/60/EC); and (iii) as indicators at the land–sea interface (Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC). In the Elbe river catchment, aspects of policy and science are closely connected, which became particularly obvious in a classic example of dioxin hot spot contamination, the case of the Spittelwasser creek. Here, the “source-first principle” of the first cycle of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) had to be confirmed in a controversy on the dioxin hot spots with Saxony-Anhalt’s Agency for Contaminated Sites (LAF). At the Spittelwasser site, the move from “inside the creek” to “along the river banks” goes parallel to a general paradigm shift in retrospective risk assessment frameworks and remediation techniques for organic chemicals (Ortega-Calvo et al. 2015). With respect to dioxin, large-scale stabilization applying activated carbon additions is particularly promising. Another important aspect is the assessment of the ecotoxicology of dioxins and dl- PCBs in context of sediment mobility and flood risk assessment, which has been studied in the project framework FloodSearch. Currently, the quality goals of the WFD to reach a “good chemical status” are not met in many catchment areas because substances such as mercury do and others probably will (PCDD/Fs and dl-PCB) exceed biota-EQS values catchment area-wide. So far, relating biota-EQS values to sediment-EQSs is not possible. To overcome these limitations, the DioRAMA project was initiated, which has led to improved approaches for the assessment of dioxin-contaminated sediment using in vitro bioassays and to a robust dataset on the interrelation between dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in sediments and biota.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0075-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The effects of river flooding on dioxin and PCBs in beef

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

The potential of recycled materials used in agriculture to contaminate food through uptake by livestock

The potential of recycled materials used in agriculture to contaminate food through uptake by livestock

The spatial distribution of human exposure to PCBs around a former production site in Slovakia

Dioxin in the Elbe river basin: policy and science under the water framework directive 2000–2015 and toward 2021

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