The effects of saline water consumption on the ultrasonographic and histopathological appearance of the kidney and liver in Barki sheep

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of varying degrees of water salinity on the ultrasonographical and histopathological appearance of the liver and kidneys in Barki sheep. Thirty Barki sheep (initial weight, 29.48 ± 0.81 kg) were allocated into three groups (n=10 per group) based on the type of drinking water for 9 months: the tap water (TW) group (350 ppm total dissolved solids [TDS]); the moderate saline water (MSW) group (4,557 ppm TDS); and the high saline water (HSW) group (8,934 ppm TDS). After 9 months, the body weight was significantly decreased in sheep subjected to MSW (P=0.0347) and HSW (P=0.0424). Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine were significantly increased (P<0.05) in sheep subjected to MSW and HSW. Ultrasonographic examination of the right and left kidneys revealed an increased length of both kidneys with crystal formation, particularly in male sheep. Ultrasonographic examination of the liver showed hyperechogenic dots varying in size and number between males and females. Histopathological examination of kidney revealed significant changes in both MSW and HSW groups such as hyaline matrix formation, atrophied glomerular tufts, and intramedullary congestion. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed slight fatty liver changes, slight fibrosis around the bile duct, massive inflammatory cell infiltration and vacuolar changes of hepatocytes in both MSW and HSW groups. In conclusion, water salinity negatively affects the body weight, liver and kidney appearance of Barki sheep and thus sheep production.

Impact of drinking of saline water on hemato-biochemical parameters of Black Bengal goats in the selected areas of Bangladesh

“…The values did not, however, exceed the reference range ( Omidi-Mirzaei et al, 2018 ). When comparing normal drinking water, moderate saline drinking water (0.5%) and high saline drinking water (0.9%), Ghanem et al (2018) found the same result in Barki sheep. Similarly, the salinity (1.35–1.45%) of drinking water had a substantial impact on AST and ALT in sheep and camels ( Assad and El-Sherif, 2002 ).…”

“…In group 1, when a higher concentration of saline water (1.2%) drunk by the goats for a longer period, serum creatinine levels were higher and remained above the upper limit of the reference range ( Jackson and Cockcroft, 2002 ), suggesting that prolonged intake of saline water had adverse effects on renal function. Similarly, Ghanem et al, (2018) reported that drinking saline water (0.5–0.9%) substantially increased creatinine levels in Barki sheep. When goats were given the option of fresh or saline water again in the sensitivity re-test phase of the experiment, Runa et al, (2020) found the highest concentration of serum creatinine.…”

Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and water consumption in sheep which supplemented from Moringa leaves meal and palm oil in elephant silage-based feed

“…In addition, water quality in semi-arid areas is not good for consumption. Research from [14] reported that drinking water consumption in sheep was influenced by the level of cleanliness and freshness of the water given. It is reinforced by the opinion of [15] that water quality greatly affects the level of water consumption, but each sheep has its own adaptation characteristics to the water consumed.…”

Physiological, hematological, and biochemical responses in Hararghe-highland lamb subjected to water salinity levels of Lake Basaka in a semiarid area of Ethiopia

“…The number of research that focused on the consequence of intake of saline water on small ruminants used NaCl added to freshwater. (Yous and Ben Salem, 2017;Castro et al, 2017;Paiva et al, 2017;Ghanem et al, 2018;Vosooghi-Postindoz et al, 2018). Also, diluted seawater has been used in a few experiments (Assad and El-Sherif, 2002;Attia-Ismail et al, 2008).…”

“…Several research that focused on the consequence of intake of saline water on small ruminants used NaCl added to freshwater [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Also, diluted seawater has been used in a few experiments [ 14 , 15 ].…”