The effects of scopolamine on memory for time in rats and pigeons

Santi, Angelo; Weise, Lorraine

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)00376-t

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The majority of studies using delayed (non)matching procedures have reported a delay-independent impairment after relatively low doses (e.g., 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mg/kg IP, Herremans et al 1995; 0.1 mg/kg IP, Hodges et al 2009), which again suggests that SCOP does not specifically affect short-term memory functions – although some articles have challenged this finding (Estape and Steckler 2002; Ruotsalainen et al 1998; Santi and Weise 1995; Stanhope et al 1995). Furthermore, in most studies using systemic injections SCOP also affected measures of responding; it increased number of omissions, decreased number of completed trials and increased response latency (Estape and Steckler 2002; Kirkby et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment

Klinkenberg

Blokland

2011

Psychopharmacology

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RationaleThe nonselective muscarinic antagonist scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP) is employed as the gold standard for inducing memory impairments in healthy humans and animals. However, its use remains controversial due to the wide spectrum of behavioral effects of this drug.ObjectiveThe present study investigated whether biperiden (BIP), a muscarinic m1 receptor antagonist, is to be preferred over SCOP as a pharmacological model for cholinergic memory deficits in rats. This was done by comparing the effects of SCOP and BIP using a battery of operant tasks: fixed ratio (FR5) and progressive ratio (PR10) schedules of reinforcement, an attention paradigm and delayed nonmatching to position task.ResultsSCOP induced diffuse behavioral disruption, which included sensorimotor responding (FR5, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg), food motivation (PR10, 1 mg/kg), attention (0.3 mg/kg, independent of stimulus duration), and short-term memory (delayed nonmatching to position (DNMTP), 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, delay-dependent but also impairment at the zero second delay). BIP induced relatively more selective deficits, as it slowed sensorimotor responding (FR5, 10 mg/kg) and disrupted short-term memory (DNMTP, 3 mg/kg, delay-dependent but no impairment at the zero second delay). BIP had no effect on food motivation (PR10) or attention.ConclusionMuscarinic m1 antagonists should be considered an interesting alternative for SCOP as a pharmacological model for cholinergic mnemonic deficits in animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment

Klinkenberg

Blokland

2011

Psychopharmacology

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“…That is, with the new schedule, the rats must learn the timing for opening of the sliding door. Santi et al 12 . reported the effects of scopolamine on temporal memory in rats (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of second‐generation histamine H₁ receptor antagonists on the active avoidance response in rats

Nishiga¹,

Fujii²,

Konishi³

et al. 2003

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. The aim of the present study was to establish a new schedule of active avoidance response in rats to estimate the central effects of second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists. 2. With the new schedule, a rat was placed into a dark room. A sliding door was opened after a delay of 5 s and, unless the animal moved into the lit room, an electric shock was delivered for 3 s. With the conventional schedule, the sliding door was opened immediately after the rat was placed into the dark room. 3. Ketotifen, at a dose of 50 mg/kg, showed no significant effect on the retrieval of active avoidance response with the conventional schedule. However, with the new schedule, the drug caused significant inhibition of retrieval of the response, even at a dose of 10 mg/kg. 4. Epinastine showed no significant effect on retrieval of the active avoidance response, even at a dose of 50 mg/kg with the new schedule. 5. Cetirizine, at a dose of 50 mg/kg, caused a significant effect, indicating that cetirizine, at this dose, markedly inhibits memory retrieval. 6. Both olopatadine and loratadine had potent effects; at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg, respectively, these agents showed significant inhibitory effects on retrieval of the response. 7. In conclusion, we have developed a new schedule of active avoidance response that can be used to estimate the central effects of second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists.

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“…A recent genetic approach showed that both, fast-acting nicotinic receptors and slow-acting muscarinic receptors influence in a synergistic system the efficiency of shifting visuospatial attention in the PFC (Greenwood et al 2009). In pigeons, central cholinergic systems are important for temporal memory processes and spatial orientation during homing, two processes that also involve the NCL (Gagliardo and Divac 1993;Santi and Weise 1995;Kohler et al 1996;.…”

Section: Comparison To Mammals and Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The receptor architecture of the pigeons’ nidopallium caudolaterale: an avian analogue to the mammalian prefrontal cortex

et al. 2011

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The avian nidopallium caudolaterale is a multimodal area in the caudal telencephalon that is apparently not homologous to the mammalian prefrontal cortex but serves comparable functions. Here we analyzed binding-site densities of glutamatergic AMPA, NMDA and kainate receptors, GABAergic GABA(A), muscarinic M(1), M(2) and nicotinic (nACh) receptors, noradrenergic α(1) and α(2), serotonergic 5-HT(1A) and dopaminergic D(1)-like receptors using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. We compared the receptor architecture of the pigeons' nidopallial structures, in particular the NCL, with cortical areas Fr2 and Cg1 in rats and prefrontal area BA10 in humans. Our results confirmed that the relative ratios of multiple receptor densities across different nidopallial structures (their "receptor fingerprints") were very similar in shape; however, the absolute binding densities (the "size" of the fingerprints) differed significantly. This finding enables a delineation of the avian NCL from surrounding structures and a further parcellation into a medial and a lateral part as revealed by differences in densities of nACh, M(2), kainate, and 5-HT(1A) receptors. Comparisons of the NCL with the rat and human frontal structures showed differences in the receptor distribution, particularly of the glutamate receptors, but also revealed highly conserved features like the identical densities of GABA(A), M(2), nACh and D(1)-like receptors. Assuming a convergent evolution of avian and mammalian prefrontal areas, our results support the hypothesis that specific neurochemical traits provide the molecular background for higher order processes such as executive functions. The differences in glutamate receptor distributions may reflect species-specific adaptations.

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The effects of scopolamine on memory for time in rats and pigeons

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment

A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment

Effects of second‐generation histamine H₁ receptor antagonists on the active avoidance response in rats

The receptor architecture of the pigeons’ nidopallium caudolaterale: an avian analogue to the mammalian prefrontal cortex

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The effects of scopolamine on memory for time in rats and pigeons

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment

A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment

Effects of second‐generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists on the active avoidance response in rats

The receptor architecture of the pigeons’ nidopallium caudolaterale: an avian analogue to the mammalian prefrontal cortex

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Effects of second‐generation histamine H₁ receptor antagonists on the active avoidance response in rats