The effects of selected preoxidation strategies on I-THM formation and speciation

Comparison of free amino acids and short oligopeptides for the formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles during chlorination: Effect of peptide bond and pre-oxidation

“…In order to examine the effect of the selected oxidants (permanganate, persulfate and hydrogen peroxide) on DBP formation during subsequent chlorination, the selected water samples were pre-oxidized by these oxidants at designed dosages (0, 1, 2, 5 mg/L) for 30 min. The designed dosages were selected in order to apply more realistic process conditions [34,37], and the three pre-oxidant stock solutions were freshly prepared prior to use. Also, it was noted that the three pre-oxidants were completely consumed before chlorination due to the low dosages of the three pre-oxidants.…”

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

“…Despite increasing attention on N-nitrosamines in chloraminated drinking waters, seawater is not likely a significant source of their precursors (Agus et al, 2009). Especially, the formation of I-THMs can be enhanced during chloramination compared to chlorination (Jones et al, 2011(Jones et al, , 2012b, because the oxidation of hypoiodous acid (HOI), the principal oxidant involved in I-THM formation, to iodate (IO 3 À ) is much slower for monochloramine (NH 2 Cl) than for HOCl von Gunten, 1999, 2000;Hua and Reckhow, 2007). ITHMs have been known to be much more cytotoxic and genotoxic than the regular four THM species .…”

“…However, KMnO 4 may produce manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) by which I-DBP formation can be catalyzed in iodide-rich waters (Petru sevski et al, 1996;Gallard et al, 2009). It has been reported that I-DBPs formed during the oxidation of I À -containing waters by KMnO 4 and ClO 2 (Richardson et al, 2003;Hua and Reckhow, 2007;Jones et al, 2012b;Ye et al, 2012Ye et al, , 2013. Recently, Zhang et al (2015) reported that iodoform (TIM) was the major I-THM species formed in I À (20e800 mg/L) spiked surface water during oxidation using chlorine, KMnO 4 and ClO 2 .…”

Investigation of disinfection byproducts formation in ferrate(VI) pre-oxidation of NOM and its model compounds followed by chlorination

“…A pre-oxidation process can be used to minimize the formation of DBPs [9]. Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and potassium permanganate have been used as pre-oxidants.…”