The effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on memory functioning in older adults: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to older adults. In contrast to young subjects, it is unclear whether older adults may be vulnerable to cognitive side effects. Serotonin is involved in cognitive functions (e.g. memory). It is of great importance to examine the effects of SSRIs on memory functioning in older adults. Objectives: The objective of this systematic literature review is to summarize studies in which the effects of SSRI treatment on all aspects of memory functioning in older adults are investigated. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase were searched for all studies published until 18th of October 2021. Articles were included if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) study design is (randomized) controlled trial, cross-sectional, or prospective cohort study; (2) study population consists of older adults (mean age ⩾65 years), or results for this age-group are reported separately; (3) intervention is use of an SSRI; and (4) effects on performance of any memory domain are measured and clearly described. Results: The search yielded 1888 articles, of which 136 were included for the full-text review. Eventually, 40 articles were included. Most studies reported no association between SSRI use and memory functioning. The studies that found a positive association mainly investigated older adults with mental or neurological disorders (e.g. depression or stroke). A few studies found a negative association in the following subgroups: non-responders (depression), patients with frontal brain disease, and women. Conclusion: Overall, no consistent negative effects of SSRIs on memory functioning in older adults were found after SSRI treatment. Most studies reported no change in memory functioning after SSRI use. Some studies even showed an improvement in memory performance. Positive effects of SSRIs on memory functioning were especially found in older adults with mental or neurological disorders, such as subjects with depression or stroke.

The influence of sleep disorders on perioperative neurocognitive disorders among the elderly: A narrative review

“…Some studies have shown that standard antidepressant therapies can improve cognitive function like language memory, working memory, and reaction time in depressed patients 162 . However, a systematic review suggests mixed outcomes, with some studies indicating no significant cognitive effects or even potential memory function harm 163 . In perioperative settings, antidepressant use has been linked to increased POD risk in elderly patients undergoing major joint surgeries, suggesting a potential contribution to the occurrence of PND 164 …”

“… 162 However, a systematic review suggests mixed outcomes, with some studies indicating no significant cognitive effects or even potential memory function harm. 163 In perioperative settings, antidepressant use has been linked to increased POD risk in elderly patients undergoing major joint surgeries, suggesting a potential contribution to the occurrence of PND. 164 …”

The psychopharmacology of mood disorders

“…The risks and benefits of medicines used in the elderly are clearly an important focus of enquiry. Schulkens et al (2022) helpfully add to our knowledge base with a systematic review of the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) on memory functioning in older adults. Reassuringly, no consistent negative effects of SSRIs on memory functioning in older adults were found after SSRI treatment.…”