“…At the grandchild level, a number of factors were associated with children's socioemotional, mental, and behavioral problems. These factors included the grandchild's gender (e.g., being a male), race (e.g., being White), age (e.g., being older), prior traumatic experiences, low self-esteem, low social support, and low life satisfaction (Bernedo, Fuentes, & Fernández, 2008;Kelch-Oliver, 2011;Park & Lee, 2016;Yorgason et al, 2014). At the grandparent level, grandparents' mental health and parenting practices were the two most significant predictors of grandchildren's behavioral problems (Goodman, 2012;Smith et al, 2018;Smithgall, Mason, Michels, LiCalsi, & Goerge, 2009).…”