The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system

Richards, Levi B.; Li, Meng; Esch, Betty C.A.M. van; Garssen, Johan; Folkerts, Gert

doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.001

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 639 publications

(1,358 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several compounds from natural origin, mainly dietary fibre and resistant starch, can be fermented by specific colonic bacteria and converted into SCFAs, which after absorption display a lot of mechanisms of action, producing systemic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly useful on IBD treatment (Meyer, 2015;Topping & Clifton, 2001;Vinolo, Rodrigues, Nachbar, & Curi, 2011). SCFAs are a group of simple 2-carbon to 5-carbon fatty acids produced by anaerobic micro-organisms mainly from poly-, oligo-and fructo-saccharides, proteins, peptides and glycoprotein precursors (Richards, Li, van Esch, Garssen, & Folkerts, 2016;Tan & O'Toole, 2015). The most abundant SCFAs in the colon are acetate, propionate and butyrate, which are considered active metabolites, stimulating regulatory T cells, reducing inflammatory mediators and increasing gut barrier function (Fernández et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp. AAA) modulates oxidative stress and colonic SCFAs production in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation

Almeida-Junior

Chagas

Quaglio

et al. 2017

Journal of Functional Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary products with prebiotic properties have been used to promote protective effects during inflammatory process. Prebiotics are source of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Banana (Musa sp. AAA) is rich in resistant starch, which is used by colonic microbiota to SCFAs production. For this, we used the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of intestinal inflammation to evaluate whether intestinal anti-inflammatory effect is related to prebiotic effects. Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (5% or 10%) increased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration. The protective effects was also evidenced by reduction in extension of lesion, inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity, prevention in glutathione depletion, increased mucin production and mucosal healing. This way, dietary green dwarf banana modulates oxidative stress and colonic production of SCFAs increasing intestinal tissue protection and may be used as a complementary product to prevent or avoid relapse of symptoms in inflammatory bowel diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp. AAA) modulates oxidative stress and colonic SCFAs production in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation

Almeida-Junior

Chagas

Quaglio

et al. 2017

Journal of Functional Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of supporting functions of the human gut microbiota are the degradation of otherwise non-digestible food compounds; the transformation of toxic compounds; and the production of essential vitamins, important metabolic end-products, and defending bacteriocins (Sommer and Bäckhed, 2013 ). Microbial metabolic end-products, which account for one third of the metabolites present in the human blood, play an important role in gut homeostasis and have an impact on host metabolism and health (Wikoff et al, 2009 ; Hood, 2012 ; Louis et al, 2014 ; Sharon et al, 2014 ; Richards et al, 2016 ). The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, butyrate, and propionate (typically occurring in a 3:1:1 ratio) are quantitatively (total concentration of 50–150 mM) and metabolically the most important microbial end-products of the human colon fermentation process (Louis et al, 2014 ), as they display several physiological effects (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the increasing amount of evidence linking certain disorders of the human body to a disturbed gut microbiota, there is a growing interest for compounds that positively influence its composition and activity through diet. Besides the consumption of probiotics to stimulate favorable bacterial communities in the human gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans (ITF) and arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) can be consumed to increase the number of bifidobacteria in the colon. Several functions have been attributed to bifidobacteria, encompassing degradation of non-digestible carbohydrates, protection against pathogens, production of vitamin B, antioxidants, and conjugated linoleic acids, and stimulation of the immune system. During life, the numbers of bifidobacteria decrease from up to 90% of the total colon microbiota in vaginally delivered breast-fed infants to <5% in the colon of adults and they decrease even more in that of elderly as well as in patients with certain disorders such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, allergies, and regressive autism. It has been suggested that the bifidogenic effects of ITF and AXOS are the result of strain-specific yet complementary carbohydrate degradation mechanisms within cooperating bifidobacterial consortia. Except for a bifidogenic effect, ITF and AXOS also have shown to cause a butyrogenic effect in the human colon, i.e., an enhancement of colon butyrate production. Butyrate is an essential metabolite in the human colon, as it is the preferred energy source for the colon epithelial cells, contributes to the maintenance of the gut barrier functions, and has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that the butyrogenic effects of ITF and AXOS are the result of cross-feeding interactions between bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (clostridial cluster IV) and Anaerostipes, Eubacterium, and Roseburia species (clostridial cluster XIVa). These kinds of interactions possibly favor the co-existence of bifidobacterial strains with other bifidobacteria and with butyrate-producing colon bacteria in the human colon.

show abstract

“…SCFA, predominant acetate, propionate and butyrate, are the main anaerobic bacterial metabolites fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon which not only regulate proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression in the colon but also have physiological relevance for the host outside of the gastro-intestinal tract ( Aoyama et al, 2010 ). SCFA have recently emerged as important signaling molecules regulating a variety of responses in the cardiovascular system ( Richards et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, as we have recently shown, SCFA play beneficial roles in decreasing endothelial activation leading to diminished cytokines production and expression of adhesion molecules ( Li et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Lipopolysaccharide- or Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Endothelial Cells via Activation of GPR41/43 and Inhibition of HDACs

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aim: Previously, we found that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) inhibit LPS or TNFα-induced endothelial inflammatory responses and excessive vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, two important steps in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms involved are still unclear. We hypothesized that the effects of SCFA are associated with activation of G-protein coupled receptor 41/43 (GPR41/43) and/or inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs).Methods: The expression and location of GPR41/43 and HDAC3 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were confirmed. HUVEC were pre-incubated with acetate, butyrate or propionate alone or in combination with GLPG0974 (GLPG, antagonist of GPR43) or β-hydroxybutyrate (SHB, antagonist of GPR41) and then exposed to LPS or TNFα. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels and VCAM-1 expression were measured. HDAC activity was measured after treatment with butyrate, propionate and trichostatin A (TSA, HDAC inhibitor). The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesive level was also determined after TSA treatment.Results: GPR41/43 were expressed on the membrane of HUVEC and HDAC3 was located in cytoplasm and nucleus. The GLPG and/or SHB treatments restored the inhibitory effects of acetate on IL-6 and IL-8 production and the inhibitory effects of butyrate or propionate on IL-6 production, but not on IL-8. In contrast, GLPG and/or SHB treatments did not affect the inhibitory effects of butyrate or propionate on TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression. TSA showed similar effects on IL-8 production and VCAM-1 expression as butyrate and propionate. In addition, TSA significantly inhibited the adhesion of PBMC to an endothelial monolayer.Conclusion: Activation of GPR41/43 mediates the effects of acetate on IL-6 and IL-8 production and the effects of butyrate and propionate on IL-6 production. Furthermore, inhibition of HDACs mediates the effects of butyrate and propionate on IL-8 production, VCAM-1 expression, and PBMC adhesion to an endothelial monolayer. These data indicate the beneficial roles of SCFA in preventing vascular inflammation and relevant diseases by activation of GPR41/43 and inhibition of HDACs.

show abstract

The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system

Cited by 55 publications

References 639 publications

Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp. AAA) modulates oxidative stress and colonic SCFAs production in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation

Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour (Musa sp. AAA) modulates oxidative stress and colonic SCFAs production in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation

Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Lipopolysaccharide- or Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Endothelial Cells via Activation of GPR41/43 and Inhibition of HDACs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About