“…In advertising, creative language is generally and intuitively believed to be more persuasive than the non-creative language (Aaker, 1975;Mick, 1999, 2003;McQuarrie and Phillips, 2005;Phillips and McQuarrie, 2009;Chang and Yen, 2013;West et al, 2019). Research on metaphor advertising, a specific category of creative advertising, provides abundant evidence that such creative marketing messages are more eyecatching and appealing, and that when consumers are pushed to actively engage in creative messages, they appreciate their artfulness (Harris et al, 1999;Sopory and Dillard, 2002;Phillips and McQuarrie, 2009) and feel more positively about the product or brand Mick, 1999, 2003;McQuarrie and Phillips, 2005;Phillips and McQuarrie, 2009;Dahlén et al, 2018;West et al, 2019). Studies have shown that consumers see the product messages as "the literature of economic change" (Scott, 1994, p. 464), designed to persuade them (Hansen and Scott, 1976;Coleman, 1990), and thus they expect marketing messages to be amusing, creative, and artful (Nilsen, 1976;Wyckham, 1984;Stern, 1988).…”