The effects of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock administration on the release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline from cortical slices of rat brain

Green, A. R.; Heal, David J.; Vincent, N. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11291.x

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the pattern of regional changes in interstitial monoamine concentrations induced by acute ECS (Glue et al, 1990) parallels that of TMS. r-TMS had no effect on NE levels, which is in agreement with previous findings on ECS effects in whole brain and slices from frontal cortex (Nimgaonkar et al, 1986;Green et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces alterations in brain monoamines

Ben‐Shachar¹,

Belmaker

Grisaru

et al. 1997

J. Neural Transmission

174

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been suggested as a possible therapeutic tool in depression. In behavioral models of depression, magnetic stimulation induced similar effects to those of electroconvulsive shock. This study demonstrates the effect of a single session of rapid TMS on tissue monoamines in rat brain. Alterations in monoamines were selective and specific in relation to brain areas and type of monoamine. The results imply on a biochemical basis to the suggested ECT-like treatment potential of TMS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces alterations in brain monoamines

Ben‐Shachar¹,

Belmaker

Grisaru

et al. 1997

J. Neural Transmission

174

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“…These findings argue that the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, desipramine, probably causes adaption by increasing the synaptic concentrations of this neurotransmitter. By contrast, ECS almost certainly produces this effect by an indirect, but as yet, undefined mechanism and this hypothesis is supported by earlier studies showing that ECS has little effect on noradrenaline turnover or release (Nimgaonkar et al, 1986;Green et al, 1987). This finding of a differential necessity for an intact noradrenergic input in the attenuation of postsynaptic a2-adrenoceptors by desipramine and ECS mirrors the previously reported requirements for the down-regulation of fl-adrenoceptors by these two antidepressant treatments, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Determination of the role of noradrenergic and 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic neurones in postsynaptic α₂‐adrenoceptor desensitization by desipramine and ECS

Heal¹,

Prow²,

Buckett³

1991

British J Pharmacology

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1Experiments were conducted to determine the respective roles which noradrenergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones'play in the down-regulation of postsynaptic a2-adrenoceptors by desipramine and electroconvulsive shock (ECS). The functional status of these receptors was monitored by use of clonidine-induced mydriasis in conscious mice. 2 Mydriasis to clonidine (0.1 mgkg 1, i.p.) was markedly attenuated by administration of either desipramine (lOmgkg-1, i.p.) for 14 days or ECS (200V, 2s) given five times over ten days confirming our previous observations. 3 The neurotoxin, DSP4 (lOOmgkg 1, i.p. x 2), reduced brain noradrenaline levels by 64% and abolished the mydriasis induced by the noradrenaline releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor, methamphetamine, without significantly altering the response to clonidine, confirming our earlier results. This lesion prevented the attenuation of clonidine mydriasis by repeated administration of desipramine, but not ECS.4 Lesioning of central 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (75lig, i.c.v.) had no influence on the reduction in clonidine mydriasis produced by repeated administration of either desipramine or ECS. 5Since noradrenergic neurones are essential for the desensitization of postsynaptic a2-adrenoceptors by desipramine, it indicates that this effect is probably the result of increased synaptic noradrenaline levels. This mechanism is not responsible for the change induced by ECS because this adaptation is independent of an intact noradrenergic input. 5-HT-containing neurones do not play a permissive role in the downregulation of postsynaptic a2-adrenoceptors by either antidepressant treatment.

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“…ECS has been reported to alter central nervous system functions. A decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels (Spignoli and Pepeu, 1986) and an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity (Appleyard et al, 1987), inhibition of GABA synthesis and increase in noradrenaline and serotonin release (Green et al, 1987a(Green et al, , 1987b have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

Kumar

Khanna

Seth

et al. 2002

Phytotherapy Research

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The high affinity binding sites for serotonin and benzodiazepine in the frontal cortex, for dopamine in the striatum and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus were investigated in the brains of Charles Foster rats treated for 3 days. Transfer latency on elevated plus maze (TL), passive and active avoidance behaviour (PA and AA) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced amnesia were also studied. Pilot studies indicated that single dose administration of Indian Hypericum perforatum (IHp) had little or no acute behavioural effects and hence the extract of IHp was administered orally at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 3 consecutive days, while piracetam (500 mg/kg, i.p.), a clinically used nootropic agent, was administered acutely to rats as the standard nootropic agent. Control rats were treated with an equal volume of vehicle (0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose). The results indicate that IHp treatment caused a significant decrease in the binding of [3H] spiroperone (DA-D2 receptor) to the striatum and an increase in the binding of [3H] ketanserin (5-HT2A receptor) and [3H] flunitrazepam (BDZ receptor) to the frontal cortex in rats. Preliminary pharmacological studies with IHp extract indicate the presence of two major behavioural actions, namely, antidepressant and anxiolytic. The present findings tend to elucidate the mechanism of earlier observations, the downregulation of the dopamine D2 receptor being consonant with anxiolytic and the upregulation of 5-HT2A and BDZ receptors being consonant with antidepressant activity. Piracetam when given alone, shortened the TL on days 1, 2 and 9 day and also antagonized the amnesic effects of ECS on the TL significantly, whereas IHp antagonized the amnesia produced by ECS. IHp had no significant effect per se on the retention of the PA in rats but produced a significant reversal of ECS induced PA retention deficit. Piracetam showed a significant facilitatory effect per se on PA retention and also reversed the ECS induced impaired PA retention. In the AA test, piracetam facilitated the acquisition and retention of AA in rats but IHp had no effect per se. Both the doses of IHp and piracetam significantly attenuated the ECS induced impaired retention of AA. These results indicate a possible nootropic action of IHp in amnesic animals, which was comparable qualitatively to piracetam.

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The effects of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock administration on the release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline from cortical slices of rat brain

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces alterations in brain monoamines

Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces alterations in brain monoamines

Determination of the role of noradrenergic and 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic neurones in postsynaptic α₂‐adrenoceptor desensitization by desipramine and ECS

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

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The effects of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock administration on the release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline from cortical slices of rat brain

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces alterations in brain monoamines

Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces alterations in brain monoamines

Determination of the role of noradrenergic and 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic neurones in postsynaptic α2‐adrenoceptor desensitization by desipramine and ECS

Brain neurotransmitter receptor binding and nootropic studies on Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn.

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Determination of the role of noradrenergic and 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic neurones in postsynaptic α₂‐adrenoceptor desensitization by desipramine and ECS