The effects of size and density of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on water quality in an experimental pond

Driver, Patrick; Closs, Gerard P.; Koen, Terry

doi:10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0163-0117

Cited by 60 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…This can lead to an increase in turbidity and higher chlorophyll a and nutrient concentrations in the water column (Zambrano et al 1998, Parkos et al 2003, particularly phosphorus (Rahman et al 2008). The intensity of these effects appears to be related, in part, to individual body size (Driver et al 2005, Weber & Brown 2009). Moreover, bioturbation appears to have a greater effect on nutrient concentration in the water than input of nutrients from feed (Hlaváč et al 2015), despite feed generally representing the largest input of nutrients into fish ponds (Green & Boyd 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound feeds and cereals as potential tools for improved carp Cyprinus carpio production

Hlaváč¹,

Másílko²,

Antón-Pardo³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Appropriate supplementary feeding is of increasing importance in common carpCyprinus carpio pond aquaculture, not only with respect to production issues but also as a sustainable tool for maintaining environmental quality. We studied the effect of different supplementary feeding regimes (no supplemental feed, cereal grains, pelleted feed, pelleted feed with lowered phosphorus content, and extruded feed) on growth performance, water quality, natural food availability, phosphorus budget, fish body composition and economic performance in 10 experimental ponds stocked with 3 yr old carp at a density of 363 fish ha −1 over a 4 mo period. The type of supplementary feed had no significant influence on water variables, with the exception of lowphosphorus pelleted feed which increased conductivity (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in zooplankton density. Harvested fish had significantly (p < 0.05) higher dry matter content and considerably higher phosphorus content under all treatments compared with fish at the beginning of the experiment. The use of cereals and extruded feed improved carp growth, while the physical qualities of the feed (higher resistance to nutrient leaching) resulted in lower nutrient concentrations in effluent water. Profitability was increased with application of cereal grains and decreased with all pelleted and extruded feeds. Hence, the use of cereal grain feed generated higher economic and environmental benefits than selected pelleted and extruded feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound feeds and cereals as potential tools for improved carp Cyprinus carpio production

Hlaváč¹,

Másílko²,

Antón-Pardo³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Even though two commercial feeds in the present study had a higher protein level than cereals, there were no differences observed among the three ponds with regard to the water quality. The probable reason was that the amount of nitrogen in the water was proportional to the carp biomass [25,26]. Common carp has a broad ecological spectrum and can tolerate extreme environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological indicators: a useful fish health monitoring tool in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) culture

et al. 2013

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In order to evaluate the relationship between water quality in ponds and indices of histopathological changes occurring in the vital organs of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758), two six-month field experiments were carried out using two different water supplies: from the nearby stream and a tube well. The fish were fed supplemental feed: raw cereals, pelleted and extruded compound feed. Histopathological analysis, alteration frequencies, and semi-quantitative scoring of the changes were used to assess the health status of the fish. Ponds supplied by stream water were characterized by higher water hardness, dissolved oxygen and pH values, while those supplied by the tube well had higher electroconductivity, total ammonium and orthophosphates content. Fish survival rate and habitat suitability index were lower in ponds supplied by stream water, while the weight gain did not differ between the two water supplies. The use of stream water resulted in a higher level of histopathological changes in gills and liver. Among the water quality parameters, pH level had the strongest influence on fish. Differences in water supply produced greater influence on the level of histopathological changes than the type of feed applied. Gills were the most sensitive organ, while the kidney was the least responsive.

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“…Here we used separate stocking of ponds with carp age cohorts as the context for a natural experiment to investigate coot habitat selection and breeding success in relation to the age structure of fish. Carp effects on aquatic ecosystems are size-dependent, as prey capture and ingestion are limited by gape size and because larger individuals tend to penetrate deeper into the sediments and to mobilise phosphorus through sediment suspension (Lammens & Hoogenboezem, 1991;Driver et al, 2005;Kloskowski, 2011). The species has been reported to increase phytoplankton production and decrease water transparency and macrophyte coverage, with effects generally increasing with fish density (Weber & Brown, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat selection and reproductive success of coot Fulica atra on ponds under different fish size and density conditions

Nieoczym

Kloskowski

2018

Hydrobiologia

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Fish may influence habitat selection and reproductive success in waterfowl. We investigated the effects of common carp Cyprinus carpio on breeding coots Fulica atra along a gradient of fish size structure and density, created by separate stocking of age cohorts in ponds in eastern Poland. Coot breeding densities were higher on ponds with low biomass of small-sized, young-of-the-year fish than on ponds with medium-or large-sized fish, stocked at high biomass densities; they also increased with increasing submerged vegetation biomass (an effect correlated with water transparency) and emergent vegetation cover. Densities of nektonic and epibenthic macroinvertebrates and of amphibian larvae were also negatively influenced by fish size/density gradient, while densities of emerging insects were not affected. However, coot breeding success per pair was similar among pond types, while positively related to submerged vegetation, indicating that either plant food abundance was more important than the overall trophic impact of fish or fledgling production was additionally limited by factors other than food. Carp may adversely affect pond habitats of waterfowl both via trophic interactions and through abiotic disturbance of ecosystem processes. In coots, however, the effects can be mitigated by maintenance of abundant emergent vegetation and of submerged macrophytes resistant to fish.

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The effects of size and density of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on water quality in an experimental pond

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Compound feeds and cereals as potential tools for improved carp Cyprinus carpio production

Compound feeds and cereals as potential tools for improved carp Cyprinus carpio production

Histopathological indicators: a useful fish health monitoring tool in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) culture

Habitat selection and reproductive success of coot Fulica atra on ponds under different fish size and density conditions

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