The Effects of Smoking on Anterior Segment Parameters, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Pupillary Functions

Köktekir, Bengü Ekinci; Gonul, Saban; Bakbak, Berker; Gedik, Şansal; Marakoğlu, Kamile

doi:10.4274/tjo.41861

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Sobacı et al (28) reported that nicotine narrowed the pupil in acute period and dilated the pupil in the chronic period. Köktekir et al (15) found that the mesopic pupil size was smaller in smokers in their study. However, since they performed this measurement 2 hours after smoking, they attributed this nding to the acute effect of smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The expected effect is in the direction of pupil dilation due to the sympathetic effect (13). While pupil dilation has been reported in some studies, pupil narrowing has been reported in other studies (13,15,23,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It affects the eye by changing the diameter of the pupil. While the expected effect of cotinine is dilation of the pupil diameter (12,13), some studies have reported that it narrows the pupil diameter (14,15). These contradictory results in chronic smokers indicate the need for a more comprehensive study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Anterior Segment and Pupillometry Changes with Sirius Corneal Topography in Chronic Smokers

Birgul,

Sakallioglu

2024

Preprint

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Purpose Chronic smoking is still one of the world’s leading health problems. In addition to the systemic effects of cigarette smoking, ocular effects are also present, as ocular structures are a mucosal surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the anterior segment and pupil using Sirius corneal topography. Materials and Methods The study included 70 chronic smokers in the experimental group and 72 non-smokers in the control group. Central corneal thickness (CCT); corneal volume (CV); anterior chamber depth (ACD); anterior chamber angle (ACA); anterior chamber volume (ACV); first non-contact tear breakup time (NCTBUT); mean NCTBUT; meibography; scotopic, mesopic and photopic pupil sizes; and dynamic pupil sizes at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 s were measured. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the chronic smoker group and the control group in terms of age; gender; CCT; CV; ACD; ACA; ACV; first NCTBUT; mean NCTBUT; or dynamic pupillometry at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 s. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of meibography; scotopic, mesopic and photopic static pupillometry; and dynamic pupillometry at 0 and 1 s. Conclusion In this study, only the meibomian gland was affected among the anterior segment structures. Changes in other anterior segment structures were not significant. On the pupil, chronic smoking increased the scotopic, mesopic and photopic pupil diameter and the early stages of dynamic pupillometry. This indicates that cigarette smoking results in nicotinic autonomic neuropathy on the pupil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Investigation of Anterior Segment and Pupillometry Changes with Sirius Corneal Topography in Chronic Smokers

Birgul,

Sakallioglu

2024

Preprint

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“…Studies conducted in Korea and Turkey also found Schirmer’s test values to be reduced in smokers. [ 10 11 ] In the latter study it was reported that the values decreased further as the number of pack-years increased. On the other hand, in a study by Altinor et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dry eye disease and retinal nerve fiber layer changes in chronic smokers

Narnoli

Dhasmana

Khanduri

2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To study the effect of smoking on tear film parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) in chronic smokers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 60 (120 eyes) smokers who have smoked at least 10 pack-year and an equal number of healthy subjects as a control for comparison. In addition to history, a detailed slit-lamp examination was done to evaluate the anterior and posterior segments. All patients underwent Schirmer’s I test (SIT) with Whatman-41 filter paper, tear meniscus height (TMH), and RNFL with a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and tear film breakup time (TBUT) with 2% fluorescein and cobalt blue filter using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Results: The (mean ± SD) age of the participants was 56.48 ± 10.38 years. There was a statistically significant reduction in tear film parameters in smokers compared to nonsmokers ( P = 0.000). The incidence of MGD was found to be higher in smokers when compared to nonsmokers with a P value of 0.000. RNFL in all four quadrants was also significantly reduced in smokers compared to nonsmokers ( P = 0.00). Conclusion: This study shows that chronic smoking leads to an increased incidence of dry eye disease and is associated with RNFL thinning. Smoking can result in cumulative RNFL loss in patients with ocular neurodegenerative disorder and OCT of these patients may have to be interpreted keeping this in mind.

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“…Smoking reduces retinal blood flow and hyperoxia autoregulation ability of retinal vessels due to the vasoconstrictive influences of nicotine and changed endothelial function. 25 , 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Smoking on Macular, Choroidal, and Retina Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Teberik¹

2019

tjo

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Objectives:This study aimed to compare the thickness of the macula, choroid, and peripapillary retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in smokers with those of healthy, nonsmoking individuals using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Materials and Methods:Sixty-eight healthy smokers with an average of 19.75 pack-years and 71 nonsmoker subjects (control group) were included in the study. Macular thickness, RNFL thickness, and choroidal thickness (CT) were measured by SD-OCT.Results:The mean age of the smokers was 42.76±6.97 years and that of the control group was 41.15±11.61 years (p=0.32). Inferonasal and temporal RNFL thicknesses were 121.60±27.40 μm and 69.75±9.82 μm in the smokers group and 109.05±21.71 μm and 75.95±15.01 μm in the nonsmoker group, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p=0.003, p=0.005, respectively). Central macular thickness (CMT) was 222.97±18.95 μm and subfoveal CT was 369.52±105.36 μm in the smoker group, while these values were 222.98±17.72 μm and 347.42±104.63 μm in the nonsmoker group, respectively. There were no significant differences in these comparisons (p=0.99, p=0.49, respectively). A significant negative correlation was found between smoking exposure and nasal and temporal CT.Conclusion:The results of our study revealed that RNFL thickness was decreased but CMT and CT were not affected in healthy chronic smokers.

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The Effects of Smoking on Anterior Segment Parameters, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Pupillary Functions

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of Anterior Segment and Pupillometry Changes with Sirius Corneal Topography in Chronic Smokers

Investigation of Anterior Segment and Pupillometry Changes with Sirius Corneal Topography in Chronic Smokers

Dry eye disease and retinal nerve fiber layer changes in chronic smokers

The Effect of Smoking on Macular, Choroidal, and Retina Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

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