“…These findings are in line with previous studies, showing that social withdrawal can lead to depression and behavioral maladjustment (Smith & Betz, 2002), which can also affect school adaptation (Han & Kang, 2019;Rubin et al, 2009;Song & Choi, 2020;Yu & Hwang, 2018). Other previous studies have also shown that as social withdrawal and depression increase, achievement motivation tends to decrease (Lee et al, 2021;Park & Kim, 2021). This ultimately leads to lower levels of career decision-making and an increased likelihood of being in a state of career indecision (Jeon et al, 2019;Park & Lee, 2008;Saunders et al, 2000).…”