The effects of soy oil, poultry fat and tallow with fixed energy : protein ratio on broiler performance

Abstract

Abstract. In this study, the effects of using soy oil (SO), poultry fat (PF) and tallow (T) in broiler feed at fixed energy : protein ratio on field and slaughter parameters were evaluated. The average live weight (ALW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production efficiency factor (PEF) and mortality were investigated as field performance parameters; carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), heart–liver weight (HLW), heart–liver yield (HLY), abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat yield (AFY) were investigated as slaughter performance parameters. The experiment was performed in accordance with animal welfare legislation of Turkey and continued for 41 d. It was conducted with a total of 12 600 Ross 308 broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain middle-aged (36 weeks) broiler breeders. Ten different diets in which SO in starter; SO, PF and T in grower and single; or equal mixing of them (SO + PF, SO + T, PF + T) in finisher were used. When animal fat (PF and T) was used instead of SO, especially in grower feed, the field performance parameters improved except for mortality (P<0.05). This situation was not seen in slaughter performance parameters except for CW, HLW and HLY (P>0.05). However, it was found that sex affected slaughter performance parameters except for CY and AFW; higher CW and HLW and lower AFY and HLY were observed due to higher CW in male broilers (P<0.05). In addition, the interactions between the type of the fat and sex were not found to be significant except for CW and CY (P>0.05). At the end of the study, it was seen that if certain ratios are not exceeded, the use of animal fat instead of SO may be a good and economic alternative. Such an arrangement, which can be made depending on oil and fat prices, can reduce the feed cost, which is a more important result in terms of large integrations.

Soybean Oil Replacement by Poultry Fat in Broiler Diets: Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Plasma Lipid Profile and Muscle Fatty Acids Content

“…We also found that partial and total replacement of SO by PF in broiler diets had no significant impact on final body weight, FCR, EFEF, and carcass traits except abdominal fat, which increased PF50 and PF100. A similar trend was reported by Okur [ 31 ] and Sanz [ 32 ], who noticed an elevation in abdominal fat weight when animal fats were used in broiler diets. The growth performance of broilers is greatly influenced by dietary fat sources and their FA profiles, particularly essential FAs, such as α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, as their deficiency may retard broilers growth [ 33 ].…”

“…As our results revealed, the differences between SO and PF in these FAs were insufficient to induce significant differences in birds’ growth performance. The lack of differences in growth performance of birds fed diets with SO or PF could also be attributed to the equilibrium ratios of energy-to-protein and energy-to-amino acid in these diets [ 27 , 31 ]. Additionally, Pesti et al [ 27 ] reported that feeding on fat sources with high metabolizable energy resulted in a high amount of fat being deposited.…”

Rheological and functional characterization of gelatin and fat extracted from chicken skin for application in food technology

“…It contains about 45% fat (wet basis, Cliche et al., 2003 ) and about 9% proteins (wet basis, Farmani & Rostammiry, 2015 ) that make it a potential raw material for the recovery of fat and protein (or their derivatives). Chicken skin fat is composed of about 30% saturated fatty acids, 50% monounsaturated fatty acids, and about 20% polyunsaturated fatty acids (Fallah‐Delavar & Farmani, 2018 ; Naderi et al., 2016 ) and several applications, including soap production, biodiesel production (Shi et al., 2013 ), and use in animal feed formulation (Okur, 2020 ) and margarine and shortening production (Naderi et al., 2016 ), have been described for that. According to Bonifer and Froning ( 1996 ), proteins of chicken skin include 29% collagen, 10% salt‐soluble proteins, 12% water‐soluble proteins, and 49% other proteins.…”

Comprehensive approach to dietary inclusion of high oleic soybean oil in monogastrics

“…The commodity soybean oil had an oleic acid content of 21.80%, compared to 81% oleic acid within the Missouri high oleic soybean oil. Commodity soybean oil was utilized as the control in this experiment due to its use as the preferred oil source in poultry diets (Okur, 2020). Broilers received a twostage diet consisting of a starter diet (d0-21) and a grower diet (d21-42).…”

“…The four treatment diets consisted of two control diet corn-soy diet that included conventional soybean oil at levels of 2.5% (C2.5) and 5.0% (C5) and two corn-soy diets containing Plenish® (high oleic soybean oil) at 2.5% (P2.5) and 5.0% (P5). Commodity soybean oil was utilized as the control in this experiment to compare Plenish® to, due to its use as the preferred oil source in poultry diets (Okur, 2020). Rate of oil inclusion of 2.5% and 5% for both oils was used to observe the effect of increased rate of inclusion of Plenish® on broiler performance and fatty acid profile of broiler tissues.…”