The Effects of Spoken versus Written Recall on Suggested Amnesia in Hypnotic and Task-motivated Subjects

Radtke-Bodorik, H. Lorraine; Spaños, Nicholas P.; Haddad, Michel G.

doi:10.1080/00029157.1979.10403995

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All of the empirical predictions derived from this hypothesis were borne out. Hypnotic subjects given control instructions showed more amnesia than corresponding task-motivated subjects, replicating five other recent studies that employed our learning-amnesia paradigm (Radtke-Bodorik et al, 1980;Radtke-Bodorik et al, 1979;Spanos & Bodorik, 1977;Spanos, Radtke-Bodorik, & Shabinsky, 1980;Spanos, Radtke-Bodorik, & Stam, 1980). Preliminary instructions to recall passively produced substantial increments in amnesia for task-motivated subjects but failed to affect the amnesia level of hypnotic subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Five recent studies (Radtke-Bodorik, Planas, Radtke-Bodorik, Spanos, & Haddad, 1979;Spanos & Bodorik, 1977;Spanos, Radtke-Bodorik, & Shabinsky, 1980;Spanos, Radtke-Bodorik, & Stam, 1980) that used word lists in a free recall paradigm as the target material found higher levels of amnesia in hypnotic subjects than in nonhypnotic subjects given short instructions designed to enhance their motivation (i.e., task-motivation instructions; Barber, 1969). One hypothesis that can account for these data suggests that hypnotic induction procedures predispose subjects to interpret the "remember" challenge in terms of passive recall, whereas task-motivation instructions predispose them to interpret it in terms of active recall.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of social-psychological variables on hypnotic amnesia.

Spaños¹,

Stam²,

D'Eon³

et al. 1980

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three experiments assessed the hypothesis that suggested amnesia for a previously learned word list is a function of subjects' interpretations of the ambigous aspects of the amnesia testing situation. By manipulating preliminary instructions concerning interpretations of this situation, subjects who were unselected with respect to hypnotic susceptibility were induced to show either substantial increments or decrements in amnesia. However, subjects high on hypnotic susceptibility ignored preliminary instructions and therefore could not be induced to show decrements in amnesia. Previous findings of more amnesia in hypnotic than in task-motivated subjects were both replicated and reversed by varying subjects' interpretations of the amnesia task. Analyses on the combined data from the three experiments confirmed earlier findings that partial amnesics tend to recall list items in a relatively disorganized fashion. All of these findings are consistent with an inattention hypothesis of suggested amnesia. Theoretical implications for hypnosis research are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of social-psychological variables on hypnotic amnesia.

Spaños¹,

Stam²,

D'Eon³

et al. 1980

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Partial amnesics showed less clustering (i.e., organization according to taxonomic categories) during an amnesia suggestion than before it or after canceling it. Full recallers (i.e., nonamnesics), on the other hand, showed a high level of clustering across the three recall trials (Radtke-Bodorik, Planas, & Spanos, 1980;Radtke-Bodorik, Spanos, & Haddad, 1979;Spanos & Bodorik, 1977;Spanos, Stam, D'Eon, Pawlak, & Radtke-Bodorik, 1980). The discrepancy between the consistent findings using the word-list paradigm and the inconsistent findings using the susceptibilityscale paradigm may be due to methodological deficiencies in the susceptibility-scale paradigm or to differences in the variables that affect temporal and categorical organization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Temporal sequencing during posthypnotic amnesia: A methodological critique.

Radtke¹,

Spaños²

1981

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a series of studies using the susceptibility-scale paradigm, high susceptible subjects were less likely than low susceptibles to recall the events of the hypnotic session in temporal sequence (i.e., temporal disorganization effect) following an amnesia suggestion. The primary measure of recall order was the rank-order correlation (rho scores) between the presentation order and the recall order of hypnotic experiences computed for each subject. Following a suggestion for posthypnotic amnesia, high susceptibles usually obtained lower rho scores than low susceptibles. We critically examined this research noting methodological shortcomings associated with the susceptibility-scale paradigm, inconsistent findings, and failures to replicate. We also presented two studies that found no relationship between susceptibility level and rho scores. These null results held true for subjects who recalled new information after cancellation of the amnesia suggestion (reversers) as well as for those who did not recall new information (nonreversers). Nevertheless, we did replicate previous work on differential recall of the first item. Suggestions for the development of a more adequate paradigm to assess recall order during amnesia using the susceptibility-scale paradigm are discussed. In 1973, Evans and Kihlstrom published the first in an influential series of articles on the organization of recall during posthypnotic amnesia (Evans & Kihlstrom, 1973; Kihlstrom, 1975; Kihlstrom & Evans, 1979). This line of research has frequently been credited with demonstrating a reliable association between posthypnotic amnesia and a breakdown in the temporal organization of recall (see reviews by Bowers, 1976;

show abstract

“…In the imagining condition, with few demands for suggestion-related involuntariness (e.g., Radtke-Bodorik, et al, 1979;Spanos 1981), conflict may serve as a cue to remind subjects of the instructions not to respond. In the hypnotic context, which encourages self-attributions of responsiveness to trance or involuntariness (e.g., Bowers, 1973;Coe and Sarbin, 1977;Spanos, 1981Spanos, , 1982, conflict may be resolved by not inhibiting involvement and moving in response to the hypnotist and the behavioral pull of the suggestions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Trends in Hypnosis

Waxman¹

1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Effects of Spoken versus Written Recall on Suggested Amnesia in Hypnotic and Task-motivated Subjects

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of social-psychological variables on hypnotic amnesia.

Effects of social-psychological variables on hypnotic amnesia.

Temporal sequencing during posthypnotic amnesia: A methodological critique.

Modern Trends in Hypnosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About