The effects of stimulus numerosity, retinal location, and rod contrast on perceived duration of brief visual stimuli

Long, Gerald M.; Beaton, Robert J.

doi:10.3758/bf03207349

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are, of course, other interpretations for our results. As noted above, our data do not rule out a role for effects of onset/offset detection, and low-level effects such as retinal persistence (Long & Beaton, 1980;1981) may be partially responsible for our results. While such effects may play some role, Fraisse (1984) has pointed out that they are limited to very brief stimuli (where Bloch"s law holds -that is, where there is temporal summation), and are not applicable to auditory stimuli; the current experiments used durations of several hundred milliseconds and employed both visual and auditory modalities.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration.

Matthews¹,

Stewart²,

Wearden³

2011

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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This article explores the widely-reported finding that the subjective duration of a stimulus is positively related to its magnitude. In Experiments 1 and 2 we show that, for both auditory and visual stimuli, the effect of stimulus magnitude on the perception of duration depends upon the background: Against a high intensity background, weak stimuli are judged to last longer. In Experiment 3 we show that the effect of intensity becomes more pronounced at longer durations, consistent with the idea that increasing stimulus intensity speeds up the pacemaker component of an internal clock, and that it is the difference of a stimulus from the background, rather than its absolute magnitude, which influences the rate of the pacemaker.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration.

Matthews¹,

Stewart²,

Wearden³

2011

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…For half of the participants, the ring with the gap directed upwards was conditioned neutral and the ring with the gap directed downwards was conditioned negative and vice versa for the other half. Therefore, the experimental procedure excludes that the temporal overestimation effect had been caused by sensory processing stimuli with different physical features like size (Ono & Kawahara, 2007;Thomas & Cantor, 1975;Xuan et al, 2007), position (Aedo-Jury & Pins, 2010;Kliegl & Huckauf, 2014;Long & Beaton, 1981;Roussel et al, 2009) or complexity (Long & Beaton, 1981;Matthews, 2013;Schiffman & Bobko, 1974;Xuan et al, 2007). Consequently, mere differences in the evaluative associations attached to the respective stimuli seem to be sufficient to induce the subjective duration increase irrespective of perceptual differences between emotional and neutral stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, it is also well known that physical characteristics of visual stimuli like size (Ono & Kawahara, 2007;Thomas & Cantor, 1975;Xuan, Zhang, He, & Chen, 2007), position (Aedo-Jury & Pins, 2010;Kliegl & Huckauf, 2014;Long & Beaton, 1981;Roussel, Grondin, & Killeen, 2009) and complexity (Hicks, Miller, & Kinsbourne, 1976, Long & Beaton, 1981Matthews, 2013;Schiffman & Bobko, 1974;Xuan et al, 2007) influence duration perception, too. For example Xuan and colleagues showed that more complex stimuli, depicting eight or nine dots, were perceived to last longer than visually simpler stimuli, which depicted only one or two dots.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Stimuli Influencing Time Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration perception of emotional stimuli: Using evaluative conditioning to avoid sensory confounds

Kliegl¹,

Watrin²,

Huckauf³

2014

Cognition and Emotion

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It has been found that emotional pictures are estimated to last longer than neutral ones. However, emotional and neutral stimuli often differ in their physical characteristics, too. Since this might also affect time perception, we present a method disentangling a possible confounding regarding the processing of physically different stimulus material. In the evaluative condition paradigm, participants, at first, learnt the association of neutral images with a certain Landolt ring and of emotional images with another Landolt ring with a different gap position. The conditioned Landolt rings were subsequently used in a temporal bisection task. In two experiments, the results revealed a temporal overestimation of Landolt rings conditioned with emotional pictures compared to neutral pictures showing that the temporal overestimation of emotional stimuli cannot be attributed to perceptual differences between neutral and emotional stimuli. The method provides the potential for investigating emotional effects on various perceptual processes.

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“…In this view, duration perception is less dependent on low-level sensory processing. However, recent psychophysical studies have revealed that perceived duration can, in fact, be influenced by various properties of a visual stimulus, such as temporal frequency or speed of motion (Brown, 1995 ; Kanai et al, 2006 ; Kaneko and Murakami, 2009 ; Tomassini et al, 2011 ; Kline and Reed, 2013 ), change of speed (Carrozzo and Lacquaniti, 2012 ), numerosity (Long and Beaton, 1981 ; Xuan et al, 2007 ), contrast (Long and Beaton, 1980 ; Xuan et al, 2007 ), spatial frequency (Aaen-Stockdale et al, 2011 ), and looming (van Wassenhove et al, 2008 ). The fact that duration perception is influenced by so many low-level sensory features suggests that the details of a sensory stimulus contribute to its perceived duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration estimates within a modality are integrated sub-optimally

Cai

Eagleman

2015

Front. Psychol.

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Perceived duration can be influenced by various properties of sensory stimuli. For example, visual stimuli of higher temporal frequency are perceived to last longer than those of lower temporal frequency. How does the brain form a representation of duration when each of two simultaneously presented stimuli influences perceived duration in different way? To answer this question, we investigated the perceived duration of a pair of dynamic visual stimuli of different temporal frequencies in comparison to that of a single visual stimulus of either low or high temporal frequency. We found that the duration representation of simultaneously occurring visual stimuli is best described by weighting the estimates of duration based on each individual stimulus. However, the weighting performance deviates from the prediction of statistically optimal integration. In addition, we provided a Bayesian account to explain a difference in the apparent sensitivity of the psychometric curves introduced by the order in which the two stimuli are displayed in a two-alternative forced-choice task.

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The effects of stimulus numerosity, retinal location, and rod contrast on perceived duration of brief visual stimuli

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration.

Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration.

Duration perception of emotional stimuli: Using evaluative conditioning to avoid sensory confounds

Duration estimates within a modality are integrated sub-optimally

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