The effects of stocking density on key biological parameters influencing culture productivity of the calanoid copepod, Parvocalanus crassirostris

Alajmi, Fahad; Zeng, Chaoshu

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.08.029

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Culture density is an essential parameter that is often described as the “bottleneck” in a cost-effective implementation of copepods in aquaculture [ 19 ]. The present culture density results are very promising, considering the obvious variation between both strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestication as a Novel Approach for Improving the Cultivation of Calanoid Copepods: A Case Study with Parvocalanus crassirostris

2015

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Calanoid copepods are an important food source for most fish larvae. Their role as a natural prey item means that it is important to develop culture technology for copepods to meet the requirements of larvae culture in aquaculture hatcheries. Copepods have been cultured successfully for some time; however, the implications of long-term cultivation or domestication on copepod life history traits have not yet been assessed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the domesticated and wild populations of Parvocalanus crassirostris are phenotypically or physiologically different. Wild-caught P. crassirostris were compared to a long-held domesticated strain (>2 years) for size of developmental stage, fecundity and lifespan of adult females, culture density, ingestion rates, faecal pellet production and fatty acid profiles. The domesticated strain was significantly different from the wild strain in size (eggs, nauplii, copepodites and adults were larger in the domesticated strain), egg production (112.3 ± 1.8 eggs female-1 vs. 64.6 ± 3.3 eggs female-1) and adult female lifespan (8.8 ± 0.1 days vs., 7.5 ± 0.1 days). At 1, 3 and 5 adults mL-1, the domesticated strain performed significantly better than the wild strain in egg production (4189.8 ± 61.2, 11224.0 ± 71.7 and 21860.6 ± 103.6 eggs vs. 1319.5 ± 54.3, 2374.5 ± 80.9 and 4933.8 ± 269.5 eggs, respectively) and mean daily mortality rate (5.6% across all densities vs. 22.9 ± 1.6, 29.8 ± 1.2 and 31.3 ± 1.3%, respectively). The domesticated strain had significantly higher ingestion rates than the wild stain (888.4 ± 9.9 ng C l-1 and 775.3 ± 11.2 ng C l-1, respectively), while faecal pellet production was not significantly different between strains. Fatty acid profiles indicated higher levels (as % of total fatty acid) of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the domesticated strain (36.2±0.4%) than the wild strain (16.1±0.1%). Overall, this study found that the reproductive capacity and tolerance to the culture environment of the calanoid P. crassirostris have improved significantly due to domestication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three stocking density treatments of 1, 3 and 5 adults mL -1 were evaluated ( n = 10) following the methods described in [ 19 ]. Stage V copepodites (CV) were randomly collected from stock cultures of the wild and domesticated populations and then cultured in 200-mL vessels at designated densities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestication as a Novel Approach for Improving the Cultivation of Calanoid Copepods: A Case Study with Parvocalanus crassirostris

2015

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“…Copepods were kept in batch culture with densities from 1,000 to 2,000 individuals L −1 . At these densities, female and male ratio is over 7:1 (Alajmi and Zeng, 2014). Thus, 80-90% of the copepods were females.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Grazing by the Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris on Picochlorum sp. at Harmful Bloom Densities and the Role of Particle Size

Jacoby

Johnson

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Harmful blooms of nanophytoplankton (2–20 μm) are increasingly common and sometimes severe, but requirements and controls of such blooms (e.g., water quality constraints, requirements for nutrients, and the presence of different guilds of grazers) are poorly understood. Laboratory grazing experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential for top-down control by the copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris on a small harmful algal species (an unidentified chlorophyte Picochlorum, 1–4 μm) and to test the effects of cell sizes on grazing rates. The Picochlorum sp. is a strain isolated from a long-lasting harmful algal bloom in the Indian River Lagoon that reached high densities (>1 × 106 cells ml–1). Experiments contrasted grazing on Picochlorum sp. with grazing on the palatable prymnesiophyte Isochrysis galbana (4–6 μm) in monocultures and mixed cultures. When presented in monocultures, grazing rates on Picochlorum sp. were lower than grazing rates on the palatable alternative. When Picochlorum sp. were presented alongside I. galbana, copepods essentially ceased feeding on the former. In additional experiments, P. crassirostris were fed plastic beads with diameters of 2.0–17.9 μm to control for differences in taste, toxicity, production of mucilage and shape of potential food. Paracalanus crassirostris fed most efficiently on beads with diameters of 7.0–7.9 μm. Results revealed that P. crassirostris can consume Picochlorum sp., but small size and the presence of palatable cells reduces the likelihood of top-down control of blooms of Picochlorum sp.

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“…However, to avoid overcrowding and negative outcomes, the maximum rearing densities must be determined for this species. High rearing densities are known to have a negative impact on growth, behavior [ 82 ], fertilization [ 83 ], adult cannibalism of nauplii [ 2 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ], female reproductive capacity, egg hatching rate, and to induce the collapse of the reared stocks [ 84 ], causing the nauplii population to decline. Holm et al [ 88 ] reported that maintaining a high density of O. nana males minimizes mate-seeking behavior after a period of competition for food and starvation, which also may limit the growth of the species [ 89 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microalgae Diets on the Biological and Growth Parameters of Oithona nana (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Huanacuni

Pepe-Victoriano

Lora‐Vilchis

et al. 2021

Animals

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Several species of the planktonic free-living genus Oithona have been successfully used in the larviculture of marine fish and shrimp. However, few studies have been published that allow us to estimate the potential of Oithona nana culture under controlled conditions. This work evaluated the effect of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans as single (200,000 cells/mL) and mixed diets (100,000 + 100,000 cells/mL) on population and individual growth, ingestion rate, number of spawnings, fertility, development time by stage, and sex ratio of O. nana. We cultured this copepod at 28 ± 0.5 °C, 35 PSU salinity, 125 lux, and 12:12 photoperiod. Results showed that diet had no effect on the final population level (6273–7966 ind/L) or on individual growth, nor on sex ratio, with less males than females. With C. calcitrans, O. nana had a higher filtration rate (57 ng C/ind/day). On the other hand, a mixed diet induced a higher number of spawns (0.4 events/day) and nauplii per spawn (23 ind). Similarly, a single or mixed diet, containing I. galbana, accelerated the development rate by 6.33–7.00 days. We concluded that O. nana can be cultured with both microalgae, indicating its potential use in an intensive system for production. However, more research is required to improve the productivity of O. nana rearing.

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The effects of stocking density on key biological parameters influencing culture productivity of the calanoid copepod, Parvocalanus crassirostris

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Domestication as a Novel Approach for Improving the Cultivation of Calanoid Copepods: A Case Study with Parvocalanus crassirostris

Domestication as a Novel Approach for Improving the Cultivation of Calanoid Copepods: A Case Study with Parvocalanus crassirostris

Grazing by the Copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris on Picochlorum sp. at Harmful Bloom Densities and the Role of Particle Size

Influence of Microalgae Diets on the Biological and Growth Parameters of Oithona nana (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

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