The Effects of Supplementing Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in the Diet on Production Performance, Fat Digestibility, Blood Lipid Profile, and Gene Expression Related to Nutrients Transport in Small Intestine of Laying Hens

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) supplementation on egg production, fat digestibility, blood lipid profile and gene expression related to nutrients transport in brown egglaying hens. In total, 384 commercial laying hens were divided into 4 groups (8 replicates, 12 animals each): 1. positive control (PC), 2. negative control (reduced energy to 75 ME kcal/kg; NC), 3. NC-LPC 0.05%, and 4. NC-LPC 0.1%, accordingly to a completely randomized design. There were no significant effects on productive performance during 33-41 weeks of age. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the NC group in comparison to the PC group during 42-49 weeks of age. Supplementation of LPC (at both levels) significantly reduced feed intake and FCR (P < 0.05). Consequently, it significantly reduced feed cost per egg weight (P < 0.05). In animals supplemented with LPC increased (P < 0.05) digestibilities of dietary fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and cholesterol in blood were found. The expression of gene BAT in the epithelial layer of the jejunum significantly increased in the NC group, however it decreased in the NC-LPC 0.1% group (P < 0.05). The expression of CAT-1 gene in the NC-LPC 0.1% group was higher than that of the PC group (P < 0.05). The supplemental LPC (both levels) also significantly increased the expression of the NPC1 gene in comparison to the NC group (P < 0.05). So, supplementation of LPC to the diet improved the feed efficiency via the increase of fat digestibility and the uptake of some amino acids or cholesterol to the enterocyte up-regulating the expression of some amino acids and cholesterol transporter genes.

Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine Improves the Uptake of Astaxanthin and Modulates Cholesterol Transport in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…In both terrestrial animals and aquatic animals, it has been found that the effects of LPC, although mainly acting as an emulsifier, were not restricted to lipid digestion and absorption [36,37]. In fish and shrimp such as turbot Scophthalmus maximus [8,38], rainbow trout [10,26], channel catfish [11], and tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon [39], LPC has also been used to overcome or mitigate the lipid metabolism disorders caused by high dietary lipid levels or fish oil replacement.…”

Lysolecithin Improves Broiler Growth Performance through Upregulating Growth-Related Genes and Nutrient Transporter Genes Expression Independent of Experimental Diet Nutrition Level

“…Khonyoung et al demonstrated that LPL supplementation could enhance lipid absorption via greater CD36 reaction [ 46 ]. Juntanapum et al reported that LPC supplementation could increase fat digestibility via upregulation of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1), one kind of sterol transporter [ 11 ]. Consistent with those results and current digestibility data, LPL increased the gene expression transporters of fatty acids (CD36 and FABP1).…”

“…Both CAT-1 and y+, LAT1 are the major system y+ transporter in most cells (system y+, with its ability to recognize cationic amino acids (lysine and arginine) [ 47 ]. The paper of Juntanapum et al revealed that the expression of CAT1 gene was elevated by LPC supplementation in lying hens’ feed [ 11 ]. In agreement with his results, we found LPL increased the expression of CAT1 and y+, LAT1.…”

“…As we know, LPL consists of four main contents: lysophosphatidyl-choline (LPC), lysophosphatidyl-inositol (LPI), lysophosphatidyl-ethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Juntanapum found that LPC supplementation improved the laying hens’ feed efficiency via increasing fat digestibility and the uptake of amino acids or cholesterol to the enterocyte, upregulating the expression of some amino acids and cholesterol transporter genes [ 11 ]. Another study observed that supplementation of LPL elicits gene expression in the intestinal epithelium, leading to enhanced collagen deposition and villus length.…”

Effects of Lysophosphatidylcholine on Jejuna Morphology and Its Potential Mechanism

“…Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a kind of bioactive lipid, has a robust antimicrobial and immunomodulatory potentials in broilers ( 1 – 5 ). The potent antimicrobial activity of LPC has been documented ( 1 – 3 ).…”