The Effects of Suspect Characteristics on Arrest: A Meta-Analysis

Lytle, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.10.001

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Prior research has demonstrated the salience of these variables to police decision-making, especially when coupled with citizen race (Alpert et al 2007; Smith et al 2006; Tillyer and Engel 2013; Young 2015). In particular, young, minority males often receive harsher outcomes than older, nonminority individuals (Rosenfeld et al 2012; Schafer et al 2006; but see Lytle 2014). Because we cannot account for citizen age and gender, we could not examine how officer characteristics might have interacted with these variables to affect the outcomes of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Piece of the Puzzle: The Importance of Officer Characteristics and Group Processes in Understanding Post-stop Outcomes

Tillyer

Smith

Lloyd

2019

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: Investigate the potential relationship between officer characteristics and poststop outcomes during police–citizen encounters. Methods: Data on police-initiated contacts were drawn from a large, racially/ethnically mixed urban environment. Cross-classified, multilevel models were estimated to identify correlates of five poststop outcomes. Results: Officer gender, race/ethnicity, and length of service exerted a direct and/or moderating effect on the likelihood of a traffic citation, criminal citation, and a search. Conclusions: Officer characteristics are a key, yet understudied, component to understanding the complexities of police officer decision-making in police–citizen encounters. The results indicate a noticeable component of the variation in poststop outcomes rests at the officer level thereby substantiating the continued exploration of these relationships. Moreover, the moderating effect of officer characteristics on the relationship between minority citizens and poststop outcomes presents new potential directions for expanding the social conditioning model and offers evidence regarding the in-group versus out-group perspectives within the context of police–citizen interactions. Limitations include omitted variable bias and inexact measurement of some variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another Piece of the Puzzle: The Importance of Officer Characteristics and Group Processes in Understanding Post-stop Outcomes

Tillyer

Smith

Lloyd

2019

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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“…Additionally, Fine et al (2017) found that while White youth’s attitudes remained largely stable throughout their experience with the justice system, Black and Latino youth’s attitudes become more negative over time. These perceptions are likely due to real disparities in treatment and outcomes among minority groups in the justice system, with research indicating that minority offenders are more likely to be arrested, face greater odds of being charged and prosecuted, and are sentenced more harshly than their white counterparts (Bonnie et al, 2013; Gau & Brunson, 2010; Lytle, 2014; Mitchell, 2005; Wu, 2016). These real disparities have been shown to be a persistent issue in the last decade, even with the decreased use of transfers and judicial waivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whites have reported more positive perceptions of their personal treatment by legal authorities than Latino and Black youth (Buckler, Wilson, Hartley, & Davila, 2011; Gau & Brunson, 2010; Tartar et al, 2012). These perceptions are likely due to real disparities in treatment and outcomes among minority groups in the justice system, with research indicating that minority offenders are more likely to be arrested, face greater odds of being charged and prosecuted, and are sentenced more harshly than their white counterparts (Bonnie, Johnson, Chemers, & Schuck, 2013; Gau & Brunson, 2010; Lytle, 2014; Mitchell, 2005; Wu, 2016). Although prior experience with the justice system has been less well studied, there is some evidence that individuals with more convictions perceive personal contacts as less just (Otto & Dalbert, 2005).…”

Section: Implications For Procedural Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of waiver to adult court on youths’ perceptions of procedural justice.

Kaasa¹,

Tatar²,

Dezember³

et al. 2018

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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The current study examined perceptions of fair treatment in a past court experience among a sample of incarcerated youth (n = 364). Perceptions were compared for youth whose cases were processed through the juvenile (n = 261) versus adult court (n = 103) systems. In general, youth who were adjudicated in adult court felt more justly treated by legal authorities than youth adjudicated in juvenile court. Specifically, youth in adult court rated judges as only marginally more just than youth in juvenile court, but rated their defense attorney’s treatment as significantly more just. Youth rated the prosecutor’s treatment as relatively unjust regardless of where their case was handled. Differences in perceptions of procedural justice were also observed based on prior arrest history and race, with minority youth and repeat offenders perceiving the process to be less procedurally just. Our findings should not be used as support for the increased transfer of youth into adult court, as other studies have demonstrated these youth tend to have worse outcomes. However, our findings do suggest that improvements should be made to increase elements of procedural justice in juvenile court settings.

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“…The scholarly literature is voluminous on the associations among race and ethnicity and outcomes of various stages of the criminal justice process (for a review, see Spohn ). This research stream includes studies of apparent disparities in arrest rates across racial and ethnic groups (Smith et al ; Grogger ; Golub et al ; Gelman et al ; Lytle ; Dobbie et al ) but has placed less attention on decisions made by the police in the early stages in a pending criminal arrest. Once an arrest is made, police have an initial obligation to decide exactly which section in a state's criminal code has been violated, and the applicable offense category.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Discretion and Racial Disparity in Organized Retail Theft Arrests: Evidence from Texas

Braun¹,

Rosenthal²,

Therrian³

2018

J Empirical Legal Studies

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When definitions of two distinct criminal offenses overlap, power to decide which definition to apply to an arrest devolves to local law enforcement agencies. This discretion can lead to unequal treatment and denial of due process, especially when disadvantaged populations are arrested for nonviolent property crimes. We present a Bayesian analysis of arrests under a vaguely worded statutory scheme for retail theft in Texas, in which a shoplifter who is guilty of property theft is also guilty of organized retail theft. Using arrest data from the Texas Department of Public Safety, we find wide variation across law enforcement agencies in initial charging categories, with black and Hispanic arrestees being charged for the more serious crime more often than white arrestees. The racial discrepancy is greater for agencies serving cities with higher per‐capita income. These results highlight consequences of ambiguous provisions of criminal codes and suggest a method for identifying agencies whose policies may have disparate impact across racial and ethnic groups.

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The Effects of Suspect Characteristics on Arrest: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 55 publications

Another Piece of the Puzzle: The Importance of Officer Characteristics and Group Processes in Understanding Post-stop Outcomes

Another Piece of the Puzzle: The Importance of Officer Characteristics and Group Processes in Understanding Post-stop Outcomes

The impact of waiver to adult court on youths’ perceptions of procedural justice.

Police Discretion and Racial Disparity in Organized Retail Theft Arrests: Evidence from Texas

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