The effects of sweep rate, voltage bias and light soaking on the measurement of CIS-based solar cell characteristics

Willett, D.; Kuriyagawa, S.

doi:10.1109/pvsc.1993.347131

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A minimum outdoor exposure (at open circuit) of two hours at 1/3 sun or more (even under overcast skies) prior to the pulsed simulator measurement was adopted. Forward voltage biasing to Voc immediately before the measurement was found to be necessary to minimize short-term transients [24]. The difference between the outdoor and such indoor measurements was found to be small, particularly for more stable devices.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These procedures assume that the IV properties of the devices behave like crystalline silicon. CIS, however, has the additional complication that the measurement of the IV curve is sensitive to the recent history of the module [24]. The measurement is sensitive to factors that are less important for crystalline silicon (putting aside LID effects):…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CIS Modules Process R&D: Final Technical Report, October 2005 - June 2006

Tarrant¹

2006

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online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste PrefaceShell Solar Industries (SSI), formerly Siemens Solar Industries, has pursued the research and development of CuInSe 2 -based thin film PV technology since 1980. At the start of subcontract activities with NREL, SSI had demonstrated a 14.1% efficient 3.4 cm 2 active-area cell, unencapsulated integrated modules with aperture efficiencies of 11.2% on 940 cm 2 and 9.1% on 3900 cm 2 , and an encapsulated module with 8.7% efficiency on 3883 cm 2 .Research on High-Efficiency, Large-Area CuInSe 2 -Based Thin-Film Modules SSI began a 3-year, 3 phase cost-shared subcontract (No. ZN-1-19019-5) [1] on May 1, 1991 with the overall project goal of fabricating a large area, stable, 12.5% aperture efficient encapsulated CIS module by scaleable, low-cost techniques on inexpensive substrates. Subcontract accomplishments were facilitated by addressing module reproducibility issues using small area test devices and mini-modules. Statistical process control disciplines were adopted to rigorously quantify process reproducibility. SSI addressed uniformity and reproducibility of absorber formation, interactions of the substrate with the absorber, and performance losses near interconnects. Subcontract accomplishments included demonstration of encapsulated module efficiencies that were at that time the highest reported mini-module efficiencies for any thin film technology (encapsulated 12.8% efficient mini-module on 68.9 cm 2 and an NREL-verified 12.7% efficient unencapsulated circuit on 69 cm 2 with a prismatic cover), demonstration of a champion large area (3860 cm 2 ) encapsulated module efficiency of 10.3% that was the first thin film module of its size to exceed the 10% efficiency level, and delivery to NREL of a one kilowatt array of large area (~3890 cm2 ) approximately 30 watt modules. TFPPP-1From September 1995 through December 1998, SSI participated in a 3-year, 3 phase cost-shared Thin Film Photovoltaics Partnership Program subcontract (No. ZAF-5-14142-03) [2]. The primary objective of this subcontract was to establish reliable high-throughput, high-yield thin film deposition processes in order to make CIS a viable option for the next generation of photovoltaics. Outdoor testing, accelerated environmental testing, and packaging development progressed throughout all phases of this subcontract. During Phase 1, SSI rigorously demonstrating process reproducibility and yield for a 10x10-cm monolithically interconnected "mini-module" baseline process and demonstrated a 13.6% aperture area efficient mini-module. During Phase 2, SSI demonstrated the need to replace an existing large area reactor with a reactor based on a more direct scale-up of the baseline reactor, built a new large area reactor, and demonstrated comparable performance for the mini-modules baseline and larger 28x30-cm circuit plates. SSI developed products and prototype large area modules using a new package designed to integ...

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIS Modules Process R&D: Final Technical Report, October 2005 - June 2006

Tarrant¹

2006

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“…For samples that exhibit transient behavior [13,16,17] it is important to control the pre-measurement conditions. To minimize transient and metastable effects the Cell and Module Performance team at NREL exposes a CdTe or Cu(Ga,In)(S,Se) cells to light for 5 to 10 minutes loaded with a resistor near the maximum power point, P max , and then let the sample cool down for a few minutes to 25 °C and then measure the I-V sweeping from forward to reverse bias.…”

Section: Transients and Metastable Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

PV reliability determination from I-V measurement and analysis

Emery

2008

SPIE Proceedings

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We discuss the measurement and analysis of current vs. voltage (I-V) characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules for reliability determination. We discuss both the error sources in the measurements and the strategies to minimize their influence. These error sources include the sample area, spectral errors, temperature fluctuations, current and voltage response time, contacting, and degradation during testing issues. Information that can be extracted from light and dark I-V includes peak power, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, series and shunt resistance, diode quality factor, dark current, and photo-current. The quantum efficiency provides information on photo-current nonlinearities, current generation and recombination mechanisms.

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“…These mini-modules exhibit fogging around the outside edge that did not disappear with outdoor exposure. This data set was chosen as an introduction to this section since the data set illustrates the major results to date for accelerated testing, and the dependence of accelerated testing on transient effects (23,24,25,26,27,28). SSI fabricated CIS-based modules typically pass the TC and HF accelerated environmental tests when an outdoor exposure is incorporated in the test sequence.…”

Section: Accelerated Testing -Including Transient Effects and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-film photovoltaic partnership -- CIS-based thin film PV technology: Final technical report, September 1995--December 1998

Tarrant¹

1999

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PrefaceSiemens Solar Industries (SSI) has pursued the research and development of CuInSe 2 -based thin film PV technology since 1980 (1). SSI began a 3-year, 3 phase cost-shared subcontract (No. ZN-1-19019-5) on May 1, 1991 with the overall project goal of fabricating a large area, stable, 12.5% aperture efficient encapsulated CIS module by scaleable, low-cost techniques on inexpensive substrates. At the start of this subcontract SSI had demonstrated a 14.1% efficient 3.4 cm 2 active-area cell, unencapsulated integrated modules with aperture efficiencies of 11.2% on 940 cm 2 and 9.1% on 3900 cm 2 , and an encapsulated module with 8.7% efficiency on 3883 cm 2 (verified by NREL). Subcontract accomplishments included demonstration of encapsulated module efficiencies that were at that time the highest reported minimodule efficiencies for any thin film technology (encapsulated 12.8% efficient mini-module on 68.9 cm 2 and an NREL-verified 12.7% efficient unencapsulated circuit on 69 cm 2 with a prismatic cover), demonstration of a champion large area (3860 cm 2 ) encapsulated module efficiency of 10.3% (verified by NREL) that was the first thin film module of its size to exceed the 10% efficiency level, and delivery to NREL of a one kilowatt array of large area (~3890 cm2 ) approximately 30 watt modules (2).The primary objective of this subcontract (#ZAF-5-14142-03) is to establish reliable high-throughput, high-yield thin film deposition processes in order to make CIS a viable option for the next generation of photovoltaics. The primary goals for the project are to deliver a champion prototype 13% efficient large area module and to deliver sets of modules in 1 kW arrays composed of steadily increasing efficiency, reaching 1 kW of 12% efficient large-area modules by the end of the third year, demonstrating performance as well as commercial viability. This focus on sets of high-performance modules as deliverables reflects SSI's commitment to demonstrating a reliable low-cost product. This document is the final subcontract report on progress toward these objectives and goals through the three-year period of this subcontract, September 1995 through December 1998. AcknowledgmentsSiemens Solar Industries wishes to acknowledge the contributions of the following people and organizations. SummaryMultinary Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 absorbers (CIS-based absorbers) are promising candidates for reducing the cost of photovoltaics well below the cost of crystalline silicon. The primary objective of this subcontract (#ZAF-5-14142-03) is to establish reliable high-throughput, high-yield thin film deposition processes in order to make CIS a viable option for the next generation of photovoltaics. The primary goals for the project are to deliver a champion prototype 13% efficient large area module and to deliver sets of modules in 1 kW arrays composed of steadily increasing efficiency, reaching 1 kW of 12% efficient large-area modules by the end of the third year, demonstrating performance as well as commercial viability. A major contract wor...

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The effects of sweep rate, voltage bias and light soaking on the measurement of CIS-based solar cell characteristics

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

CIS Modules Process R&D: Final Technical Report, October 2005 - June 2006

CIS Modules Process R&D: Final Technical Report, October 2005 - June 2006

PV reliability determination from I-V measurement and analysis

Thin-film photovoltaic partnership -- CIS-based thin film PV technology: Final technical report, September 1995--December 1998

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