The effects of temperature on the development, fecundity and mortality of Eretmocerus warrae: is Eretmocerus warrae better adapted to high temperatures than Encarsia formosa?

Wang, Tao; Keller, Michael A.; Hogendoorn, Katja

doi:10.1002/ps.5169

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2,3 The response of insects to extreme temperature not only is related to temperature intensity and exposure time, 4,5 but also depends on the insect's species, age, gender, body size and developmental stage, among other factors. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In general, insects possess certain physiological selfregulation functions in order to tolerate temperature changes. 13 However, once the temperature exceeds their tolerance limits, it will lead to short (e.g., decreased survival rate or immediate death) and long-term adverse effects (i.e., potential carry-over effects on subsequent development stages and fecundity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of periodically repeated high‐temperature exposure on the immediate and subsequent fitness of different developmental stages ofPropylaea japonica

Tian

Zhang

Liu

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Repeated extreme high temperature occurs frequently in summer. Propylaea japonica is a predominant predator in South-East Asia and has been considered as a successful natural enemy to control aphids. However, how repeated extreme high temperature affects the fitness of P. japonica remains unclear. This study evaluated the immediate and subsequent fitness of P. japonica when egg, larva, pupa, and adult were exposed to repeated high temperatures (39, 41, or 43 °C for 3 h exposure duration per day) during several days. RESULTS:The effect of repeated high temperatures on P. japonica fitness was stage-specific: the egg stage was the most sensitive, the larval and pupal stages were moderately resistant and the adult stage was the most resistant to heat. Repeated high temperatures extended the immature developmental time and decreased the sex ratio of eggs treated with these temperatures, compared to control eggs. A temperature of 39 °C had no significant effect on the pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, fecundity (except stress pupa), or longevity compared with the control, but negative carry-over effects above 39 °C on subsequent stages were found. CONCLUSION: Repeated high temperature for consecutive days not only had a significant effect on the immediate survival and developmental time, but also had deleterious effects on the subsequent development and performance of P. japonica.The present study provides valuable information for understanding and utilizing P. japonica to control aphids in challenging environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of periodically repeated high‐temperature exposure on the immediate and subsequent fitness of different developmental stages ofPropylaea japonica

Tian

Zhang

Liu

2022

Pest Management Science

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“…The above results are consistent with those of Yi et al [ 30 ]; that is, at higher temperatures, rapid ovarian maturation and acceleration of egg and embryonic development of insects were observed. These results indicate that high temperatures may be conducive to A. bambawalei [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Temperature on the Development, Morphology, and Fecundity of Aenasius bambawalei (=Aenasius arizonensis)

Zhang¹,

Tang²,

Huang

2021

Insects

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The effects of high temperature on the developmental, morphological, and fecundity characteristics of insects, including biological invaders and their accompanying natural enemies, are clear. Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an aggressive invasive insect pest worldwide. Aenasius bambawalei (=Aenasius arizonensis Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a predominant accompanying parasitoid of this mealybug. Our previous studies showed that temperature change induced an increase in the female offspring ratio of A. bambawalei. However, whether this increase is the result of a shortened or enhanced development period of the reproductive systems of A. bambawalei remains unknown. Here, we compared the pupal development, hind tibia of female adults, and fecundity of A. bambawalei under different temperatures to clarify the development and morphological changes induced by high temperature and to better understand its potential as an accompanying natural enemy. Our results showed that, at a high temperature (36 °C), the pupal developmental duration of A. bambawalei was only 0.80 times that of the control, and the length of the hind tibia was 1.16 times that of the control. Moreover, high temperature accelerated the developmental rate of gonads and increased the numbers of eggs and sperm. These results indicated that experimental warming shortened the pupal developmental duration, altered the hind tibia length of female adults, and facilitated the fecundity of A. bambawalei. These findings will help to understand the adaptation mechanisms of accompanying natural enemies. Furthermore, these findings will help to make use of this behavior to effectively control invasive pests.

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“…On the other hand, wasps that develop faster are smaller, which causes them to have lower fecundity. Smaller adults are less likely to parasitise larger whitefly nymphs [14]. Controlling the temperature involves costs, so the trade-offs between cost and the efficiency of production and adult wasp quality warrant further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A culture of greenhouse whitefly was established from insects that were collected from eggplant, Solanum melongena, in greenhouses at the Waite Campus of The University of Adelaide [14]. The whitefly culture was maintained on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, at 26 • C and a 14 L:10 D photoperiod.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A two-stage experiment was conducted to determine the effects of temperature on both the immature and adult stages of E. warrae (Figure 1). The experiment was conducted using three constant temperatures in the range where development typically occurs [14], 20, 26, and 32 • C. Experiments were conducted in three incubators (Adelab Scientific, Thebarton, South Australia, Model 1390D) that were calibrated to means within 0.1 • C of set temperatures with a precision thermometer, (E-MIL, H.J. Elliott Ltd, Treforest, UK) and had a measured variation of ±0.3 • C. The rearing temperatures were set according to the experiments, and the photoperiod was 14 L:10 D. and fine organza on top for aeration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Larger is Better in the Parasitoid Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Wang

Keller

2020

Insects

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Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a specialist parasitoid that is used for the control of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). We investigated how temperature affects the body-size, life-time oviposition, and longevity of E. warrae at different stages of life. The body-sizes of both this parasitoid and its host are influenced by temperature. Body-volume indices that reflect body-sizes fell by 47.7 % in T. vaporariorum compared with 57.6% in E. warrae when temperature increased from 20 to 32 °C. The life-time oviposition of female adults of E. warrae that grew at the immature developmental temperature of 20 °C was 86 ± 22 eggs, more than 66 ± 11 eggs at 26 °C, and 65 ± 23 eggs at 32 °C. Besides the influence on fecundity, temperature also influences the oviposition behaviour at the adult stage. More eggs were oviposited at 20 and 26 °C than at 32 °C. Higher temperatures reduced survival in the immature developmental stages and longevity in adults. Adult females lived for a maximum of 8.9 ± 1.8 days at 20 °C and laid a maximum of 97.4 ± 23.2 eggs when reared at 20 °C and maintained at 26 °C as adults. Adult body-size is positively correlated with life-time oviposition but not adult longevity. The results imply that temperature influences the nature of interactions between a parasitoid and its host. Larger wasps can live longer and parasitise more hosts, which should improve their performance as biological control agents.

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The effects of temperature on the development, fecundity and mortality of Eretmocerus warrae: is Eretmocerus warrae better adapted to high temperatures than Encarsia formosa?

Abstract: Eretmocerus warrae is better adapted to high temperatures than En. formosa, and could therefore be a complementary or superior biological control agent during summer months in hot regions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of periodically repeated high‐temperature exposure on the immediate and subsequent fitness of different developmental stages ofPropylaea japonica

Effects of periodically repeated high‐temperature exposure on the immediate and subsequent fitness of different developmental stages ofPropylaea japonica

The Effects of Temperature on the Development, Morphology, and Fecundity of Aenasius bambawalei (=Aenasius arizonensis)

Larger is Better in the Parasitoid Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

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