The effects of temperature on primary root growth dynamics and lateral root distribution in garden pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. “Alaska”)

Gladish, Daniel K.; Rost, Thomas L.

doi:10.1016/0098-8472(93)90070-v

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The temperature optimum for root growth is typically less than that for shoot growth, and negative eects of increasing temperature on root growth can be observed at surprisingly low temperatures, even for crop species (e.g. 15°C for pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings, Gladish and Rost 1993). We found that root growth was most closely correlated with mean total radiation¯ux, in agreement with results of Aguirrezabal et al (1994) on sun¯ower and Gregory (1986) on Pennisetum typhoides.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Root production, turnover and respiration under two grassland types along an altitudinal gradient: influence of temperature and solar radiation

et al. 1998

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We have measured the rates of root production and death and of root respiration in situ under two grasslands along an altitudinal gradient in the northern Pennines, UK, represented by a lowland site at 171 m in an agricultural setting, and three upland sites between 480 and 845 m. One grassland was dominated by Festuca ovina and was on a brown earth soil; the other was dominated by Juncus squarrosus and Nardus stricta and occurred on a peaty gley. The natural altitudinal gradient was extended by transplantation. Although root biomass and root production (estimated using minirhizotrons) both showed pronounced seasonal peaks, there was no simple altitudinal gradient in either variable, and neither root production nor root death rate was a simple function of altitude. Increased root accumulation in summer was a function of change in the length of the growing season, not of soil temperature. Root populations in winter were similar at all sites, showing that increased production at some sites was accompanied by increased turnover, a conclusion confirmed by cohort analyses. Respiration rate, measured in the field by extracting roots and measuring respiration at field temperature in an incubator, was unrelated to temperature. The temperature sensitivity of respiration (expressed as the slope of a plot of log respiration rate against temperature) showed no simple seasonal or altitudinal pattern. Both root growth (under Festuca) and respiration rate were, however, closely related to radiation fluxes, averaged over the previous 10 days for growth and 2 days for respiration. The temperature sensitivity of respiration was a function of soil temperature at the time of measurement. These results show that root growth and the consequent input of carbon to soil in these communities is controlled by radiation flux not temperature, and that plants growing in these upland environments may acclimate strongly to low temperatures. Most carbon cycle models assume that carbon fluxes to soil are powerfully influenced by temperature, but that assumption is based largely on short-term studies and must be reassessed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Root production, turnover and respiration under two grassland types along an altitudinal gradient: influence of temperature and solar radiation

et al. 1998

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“…Decreased steady-state growth rates also occur at decreased water potentials for roots of Allium cepa, Zea mays and Triticum durum (Sharp et al, 1988 ;Bitonti et al, 1991). A cessation of root growth, as occurred for O. ficus-indica under rapid drying, is typical for determinate growth and occurs for pea roots under high temperatures (Gladish & Rost, 1993), for sunflower roots under drought , and for some semi-desert shrubs under field conditions (Fernandez & Caldwell, 1975). In the first two cases, root growth resumes under favourable conditions, so meristem function is not affected.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 97%

Root growth, developmental changes in the apex, and hydraulic conductivity for Opuntia ficus‐indica during drought

Dubrovsky¹,

North

Nobel

1998

New Phytologist

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Developmental changes in the root apex and accompanying changes in lateral root growth and root hydraulic conductivity were examined for Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller during rapid drying, as occurs for roots near the soil surface, and more gradual drying, as occurs in deeper soil layers. During 7 d of rapid drying (in containers with a 3-cm depth of vermiculite), the rate of root growth decreased sharply and most root apices died ; such a determinate pattern of root growth was not due to meristem exhaustion but rather to meristem mortality after 3 d of drying. The length of the meristem, the duration of the cell division cycle, and the length of the elongation zone were unchanged during rapid drying. During 14 d of gradual drying (in containers with a 6-cm depth of vermiculite), root mortality was relatively low ; the length of the elongation zone decreased by 70 %, the number of meristematic cells decreased 30 %, and the duration of the cell cycle increased by 36 %. Root hydraulic conductivity (L P ) decreased to one half during both drying treatments ; L P was restored by 2 d of rewetting owing to the emergence of lateral roots following rapid drying and to renewed apical elongation following gradual drying. Thus, in response to drought, the apical meristems of roots of O. ficus-indica near the surface die, whereas deeper in the substrate cell division and elongation in root apices continue. Water uptake in response to rainfall in the field can be enhanced by lateral root proliferation near the soil surface and additionally by resumption of apical growth for deeper roots.

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“…When transferred to a permissive temperature, new primordia were initiated, but only in the new growth. This finding suggested that the competence for lateral root initiation might be restricted to a developmental window within the root apical meristem (Gladish and Rost, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Pericycle Cell Proliferation and Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis

et al. 2000

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In contrast with other cells generated by the root apical meristem in Arabidopsis, pericycle cells adjacent to the protoxylem poles of the vascular cylinder continue to cycle without interruption during passage through the elongation and differentiation zones. However, only some of the dividing pericycle cells are committed to the asymmetric, formative divisions that give rise to lateral root primordia (LRPs). This was demonstrated by direct observation and mapping of mitotic figures, cell-length measurements, and the histochemical analysis of a cyclin-GUS fusion protein in pericycle cells. The estimated duration of a pericycle cell cycle in the root apical meristem was similar to the interval between cell displacement from the meristem and the initiation of LRP formation. Developmentally controlled LRP initiation occurs early, 3 to 8 mm from the root tip. Thus the first growth control point in lateral root formation is defined by the initiation of primordia in stochastic patterns by cells passing through the elongation and young differentiation zones, up to where lateral roots begin to emerge from the primary root. Therefore, the first growth control point is not restricted to a narrow developmental window. We propose that late LRP initiation is developmentally unrelated to the root apical meristem and is operated by a second growth control point that can be activated by environmental cues. The observation that pericycle cells divide and lateral root primordia form without intervening mitotic quiescence suggests that lateral organ formation in roots and shoots might not be as fundamentally different as previously thought.

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The effects of temperature on primary root growth dynamics and lateral root distribution in garden pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. “Alaska”)

Cited by 66 publications

References 42 publications

Root production, turnover and respiration under two grassland types along an altitudinal gradient: influence of temperature and solar radiation

Root production, turnover and respiration under two grassland types along an altitudinal gradient: influence of temperature and solar radiation

Root growth, developmental changes in the apex, and hydraulic conductivity for Opuntia ficus‐indica during drought

Pericycle Cell Proliferation and Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis

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