The Effects of Test Doses of Leucine, Isoleucine or Valine on Plasma Amino Acid Levels

Swendseid, Marian E.; Villalobos, Juanita; Figueroa, William S.; Drenick, Ernst J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/17.5.317

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similar results have been found in humans (Matsumoto et al, 2014;Swendseid et al, 1965) and rats (Block & Harper, 1984;May et al, 1991), as well as rainbow trout (Yamamoto et al, 2004); this is possibly due to the role of Leu as a promoter of BCAA catabolism by activating BCKDH (Paxton & Harris, 1984). Similar results have been found in humans (Matsumoto et al, 2014;Swendseid et al, 1965) and rats (Block & Harper, 1984;May et al, 1991), as well as rainbow trout (Yamamoto et al, 2004); this is possibly due to the role of Leu as a promoter of BCAA catabolism by activating BCKDH (Paxton & Harris, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…At F I G U R E 2 Relationship between weight gain of juvenile red drum and dietary isoleucine level as described by a quadratic broken-line regression model. Because of this, interactions between BCAAs are known to produce antagonistic effects in pigs, rats and humans, creating an imbalanced concentration of BCAAs in plasma and ultimately affecting growth (Block & Harper, 1984;Matsumoto et al, 2014;May, Piepenbrock, Kelly, & Mitch, 1991;Swendseid, Villalobos, Figueroa, & Drenick, 1965). Each dot in the curve represents the average weight gain of fish in each experimental tank (triplicate tanks per treatment).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that all three BCAAs share the same common transporter for intestinal absorption and their oxidation is catalysed by two common BCAA transaminase enzymes, and thus, most organisms metabolize these three AAs using the same enzymatic system. Because of this, interactions between BCAAs are known to produce antagonistic effects in pigs, rats and humans, creating an imbalanced concentration of BCAAs in plasma and ultimately affecting growth (Block & Harper, 1984;Matsumoto et al, 2014;May, Piepenbrock, Kelly, & Mitch, 1991;Swendseid, Villalobos, Figueroa, & Drenick, 1965). This has been mainly attributed to competitive inhibition during intestinal absorption and increased oxidation through branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDH) (Brosnan & Brosnan, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine (branched-chain amino acids) by juvenile red drumSciaenops ocellatus

Castillo

Gatlin

2017

Aquacult Nutr

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The objective of this study was to determine the minimum dietary requirements of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine [Leu], isoleucine [Ile] and valine [Val]) for juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. This was accomplished by conducting three independent 49-day feeding trials with juvenile red drum. Experimental diets were pre-pared by supplementing a basal diet containing 370 g/kg crude protein from red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids with incremental levels of Leu (9.0, 13.0, 17.0, 21.0, 25.0 and 29.0 g/kg of dry diet), Ile (5.0, 8.0, 11.0, 14.0, 17.0 and 20.0 g/kg of dry diet)and Val (6.8, 8.0, 9.2, 10.4, 11.6, 12.8 and 14.0 g/kg of dry diet). Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily in each trial, after which growth performance parameters were calculated and body composition and concentrations of BCAAs in plasma were analysed. Incremental levels of dietary Leu, Ile and Val significantly affected weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention. Analyses of the weight gain data using a broken-line regression model estimated the minimum Leu, Ile and Val requirements for maximum growth of juvenile red drum to be 15.7 ± 1.7 g/kg (±95% confidence interval), 11.1 ± 2.3 g/kg and 12.4 ± 0.6 g/kg of dry diet, respectively. K E Y W O R D Samino acid requirement, branched-chain amino acids, indispensable amino acid, red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine (branched-chain amino acids) by juvenile red drumSciaenops ocellatus

Castillo

Gatlin

2017

Aquacult Nutr

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“…In particular, high levels of leucine intake have been described to substantially lower circulating levels of valine and isoleucine but, in contrast, intakes of these BCAA have little influence on the concentration of plasma free leucine (Swendseid et al, 1965; D’Mello and Lewis, 1970). This type of interaction has also been examined in fish, although results are not always consistent (Wilson and Halver, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Stimulation Ability and Central Effects of Intraperitoneal Treatment of L-Leucine, L-Valine, and L-Proline on Amino Acid Sensing Systems in Rainbow Trout: Implication in Food Intake Control

et al. 2018

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To continue gathering knowledge on the central regulation of food intake in response to amino acids in teleost fish, using as a model rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we evaluated in a first experiment the feeding attractiveness of L-leucine, L-valine, and L-proline offered as an agar gel matrix. In a second experiment, we assessed the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) treatment with the same amino acids on food intake. In a third experiment, we carried out a similar IP administration of amino acids to evaluate the response of amino acid sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus and telencephalon. Results are discussed in conjunction with an earlier study where leucine and valine were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). The attractiveness of amino acids does not appear to relate to their effects on food intake, at least when administrated by-passing ingestion and luminal absorption, since two attractive amino acids resulted in an anorexigenic (Leu) or no effects (Pro) on food intake while a non-attractive amino acid (Val) induced anorexigenic (IP treatment) or orexigenic (ICV treatment) responses. The effects of Leu on food intake might relate to the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and result from the direct activation of amino acid sensing systems. In contrast, while valine had few effects on hypothalamic amino acid sensing systems after ICV treatment, a significant amount of parameters become affected by IP treatment suggesting that the effect of Val after IP treatment is indirect. Proline had no relevant effects on amino acid sensing systems, neuropeptide expression, and food intake, which suggest that this amino acid might not have a relevant role in the homeostatic regulation of food intake through hypothalamic mechanisms. In telencephalon, the same amino acid sensing systems operating in hypothalamus appear to be present and respond to Leu and Val, but it is still unclear how they might relate to the control of food intake.

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“…The intestinal net transport of valine in everted gut sacs of rats declines with increasing age (15). Apparently the removal rate of branched‐chain amino acids from the plasma is not different in obese compared to nonobese subjects (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Amino Acid Metabolism in Osteoporosis

Ohata

Fujita

Orimo

et al. 1970

J American Geriatrics Society

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To evaluate amino acid metabolism in osteoporosis, the effects of oral loading with an amino acid mixture were studied in 11 aged patients with advanced osteoporosis, 5 aged patients with mild osteoporosis, and 7 healthy aged subjects (controls). The osteoporotic patients were free of other major diseases. In all three groups the physical examination, blood chemical determinations, urinalysis and fluoroscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract gave normal findings; in particular, no liver or kidney disease was indicated by the results of function tests. A diagnosis of vertebral osteoporosis was made when the ratio of vertebral to disc density in the lateral tomogram of the lumbar spine was 1.0 or higher; in the normal subjects, the ratio was always less than 1.0. The presence of compression fracture(s) was considered to indicate severe osteoporosis, whereas the absence of such fractures graded the disease as mild. Gaschromatographic analysis of the serum for certain free amino acids was made on the blood specimens drawn immediately before, and at one, two, three and four hours after oral ingestion of the test amino acid mixture. The serum valine level for the severely osteoporotic group was significantly higher at one hour (215 + 21 μg/ml versus 151 + 9 for the controls) and at four hours (178 + 16 μg/ml versus 139 + 8.7 for the controls) after ingestion of the mixture. The peak height of the serum valine level was also significantly higher in the severely osteoporotic patients (263 + 25 μg/ml) than in the controls (192 + 5.5 μg/ml). In the mildly osteoporotic patients the values were intermediate. For leucine and phenylalanine, the tolerance curves for the osteoporotic patients were similar to those for the controls. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that possibly there is a deficiency or defect of valine transaminase in osteoporosis.

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The Effects of Test Doses of Leucine, Isoleucine or Valine on Plasma Amino Acid Levels

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Dietary requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine (branched-chain amino acids) by juvenile red drumSciaenops ocellatus

Dietary requirements for leucine, isoleucine and valine (branched-chain amino acids) by juvenile red drumSciaenops ocellatus

Feeding Stimulation Ability and Central Effects of Intraperitoneal Treatment of L-Leucine, L-Valine, and L-Proline on Amino Acid Sensing Systems in Rainbow Trout: Implication in Food Intake Control

Amino Acid Metabolism in Osteoporosis

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