The effects of the combination ofCyperus rotundus,Crocus sativus,Piper nigrum,andBoswellia serrataon learning and memory deficit and oxidative damage in brain tissue of hypothyroid rats

Abstract

In the present study, the impact of a combination of four memory‐enhancer herbs on cognitive impairment and brain tissue oxidative damage due to hypothyroidism was evaluated. Propylthiouracil (PTU; 0.05%) was administrated in drinking water. Rats were treated with a combination of four herbal products (Cyperus rotundus, Crocus sativus, Piper nigrum, and Boswellia serrata) mixed with honey at two doses (640 and 1,280 mg/kg) or donepezil (0.5 mg/kg), for 6 weeks. Memory performance on the Morris water maze (MWM) and avoidance behavior in passive avoidance was impaired by hypothyroidism, and brain tissue oxidative damage occurred. Herbal combination and donepezil significantly improved memory impairment, reduced malondialdehyde concentration, and nitric oxide metabolites while increased the thiol contents and catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes activity in the brain. Our findings suggest that the mixture of herbal products improves learning and memory deficits caused by hypothyroidism, probably by reducing the brain tissue oxidative damage. Practical applications Learning and memory impairment is a common feature of thyroid hormones deficiency. Several studies are showing that hypothyroidism in juvenile and mature rats induces significant cognitive impairment. Likewise, in humans, a close relationship between thyroid hormone deficiency and cognitive impairment has been reported. We used a mixture of herbal products, including Cyperus rotundus, Crocus sativus, Piper nigrum, and Boswellia serrata, to treat hypothyroidism‐induced memory impairment. All these herbs are widely used as a food additive across the world. In Iranian traditional medicine, this herbal combination traditionally used to treat cognitive impairments. Numerous studies have indicated that these herbs show neuroprotective and memory‐enhancing properties. Our finding indicated that a traditionally used herbal combination could potentially use as a treatment of cognitive impairment induced by thyroid hormone deficiency.

Effect of Water Extract of Mangosteen Pericarp on Donepezil Pharmacokinetics in Mice

“…In addition, DNPWMP treatment significantly increased the cell viability against Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) -induced neurotoxicity compared to DNP and WMP treatment (by 23.0 and 13.7%, respectively). These results indicated that DNPWMP combination enhanced the cell viability in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells-induced neurotoxicity by Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) compared to single treatment of DNP or WMP (Figure 1).…”

“…The combinational effect of WMP and DNP on cell viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was evaluated using MTT assay. Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) treatment significantly reduced the cell viability (by 36.0%) compared to vehicle treatment. Treatment of WMP or DNP plus WMP (DNPWMP) significantly alleviated the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) (by 19.9% and 36.4% in WMP and DNPWMP treatments, respectively) compared to Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) treatment.…”

“…Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) treatment significantly reduced the cell viability (by 36.0%) compared to vehicle treatment. Treatment of WMP or DNP plus WMP (DNPWMP) significantly alleviated the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) (by 19.9% and 36.4% in WMP and DNPWMP treatments, respectively) compared to Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) treatment. In addition, DNPWMP treatment significantly increased the cell viability against Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) -induced neurotoxicity compared to DNP and WMP treatment (by 23.0 and 13.7%, respectively).…”

“…Treatment of WMP or DNP plus WMP (DNPWMP) significantly alleviated the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) (by 19.9% and 36.4% in WMP and DNPWMP treatments, respectively) compared to Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) treatment. In addition, DNPWMP treatment significantly increased the cell viability against Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) -induced neurotoxicity compared to DNP and WMP treatment (by 23.0 and 13.7%, respectively). These results indicated that DNPWMP combination enhanced the cell viability in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells-induced neurotoxicity by Aβ (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) compared to single treatment of DNP or WMP (Figure 1).…”

“…Due to the complex and multifactorial etiologies of AD, various approaches have been attempted to explore the favorable therapeutic outcomes in AD [1,[27][28][29][30]. Numerous extracts of herbal products containing diverse and active compounds have gained attention as candidates for AD treatment [31][32][33][34][35][36], and therapeutic approaches concerning multitarget drugs (or compounds) for AD treatment have been attempted [2,31]. Furthermore, herb-drug combination therapies have been attempted as a multi-target strategy with successful cases for mitigating symptoms of AD [1,[32][33][34].…”