2012
DOI: 10.1177/0741932512441712
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The Effects of the Concrete–Representational–Abstract Integration Strategy on the Ability of Students With Learning Disabilities to Multiply Linear Expressions Within Area Problems

Abstract: We examined the effects of the Concrete–Representational–Abstract Integration strategy on the ability of secondary students with learning disabilities to multiply linear algebraic expressions embedded within contextualized area problems. A multiple-probe design across three participants was used. Results indicated that the integration of the concrete manipulatives, sketches of manipulatives, and abstract notation with the support of a graphic organizer (i.e., expansion box) was an effective strategy to improve… Show more

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Cited by 53 publications
(119 citation statements)
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“…However, findings for two of their three students showed fluctuating results during a maintenance phase, whereas the findings from this study show clear and sustained understanding of the algebraic concepts taught. Present results are in agreement with previous research (i.e., Strickland & Maccini, 2013;Witzel, 2005;Witzel et al, 2003) showing concrete manipulatives to be highly effective tools in teaching algebraic equations to students with a learning disability in mathematics, while now providing similar findings to support the use of virtual manipulatives for this population and task.…”
Section: Limitations and Future Directionssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…However, findings for two of their three students showed fluctuating results during a maintenance phase, whereas the findings from this study show clear and sustained understanding of the algebraic concepts taught. Present results are in agreement with previous research (i.e., Strickland & Maccini, 2013;Witzel, 2005;Witzel et al, 2003) showing concrete manipulatives to be highly effective tools in teaching algebraic equations to students with a learning disability in mathematics, while now providing similar findings to support the use of virtual manipulatives for this population and task.…”
Section: Limitations and Future Directionssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…The most notable findings are as follows. First, the findings pertaining to sequential multiple representations particularly confirmed and extended the findings of prior studies (e.g., Carbonneau, Marley, & Selig, ; Cramer & Wyberg, ; Strickland & Maccini, ; Witzel, Riccomini, & Schneider, ) that have reported strong efficacy when using sequential multiple representations to teach various mathematics domains (e.g., fractions, decimals, problem‐solving). The use of multiple representations is also supported by national reports and standards recommending that teachers actively use multiple representations (NCTM, ).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 81%
“…Three studies (Satsangi et al., 2016; Satsangi, Hammer, & Evmenova, 2018; Satsangi, Hammer, & Hogan, 2018) investigated solving equations and inequalities in one variable including equations with coefficients represented by letters (CCSSM HSA‐REI.B.3). Two studies (Strickland & Maccini, 2013a, 2013b) focused on multiplying two linear expressions to produce a quadratic expression (CCSSM HSA‐REI.B.4.A). In addition, Park and McLeod (2018) explored graphing linear equations and inequalities (CCSSM HAS‐REI.D.12; CCSSM HAS‐CED.A.2).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%