The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individual’s Physical Activity Levels and Mental Health: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study in Mumbai

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has impacted the well-being of individuals living in India. Lockdowns have helped prevent the spread of COVID-19. Alternatively, this has led to negative impacts on maintaining healthy lifestyles. This study describes the physical activity and mental health status of Mumbai residents living with and without pre-existing illnesses.
 Objective: This descriptive, cross-sectional study reviews survey responses from participants from Mumbai, India.
 Methods and Material: An online survey was disseminated via social media platforms. Respondents answered questions regarding their demographics, health history, mental status, and physical activity levels pre-pandemic and after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration.Descriptive statistical analysis was completed. A paired sample t-test was used to calculate differences between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic effects. Significance was set at p<0.05.
 Results: A total of 146 responses were returned. Approximately 42% of participants reported having one or more pre-existing medical condition. Total participants reported increased sedentary lifestyle after the declared pandemic (p=0.0001per weekday and p=0.006per weekend). Although not significant, physical activity levels were reduced by 35% in participants with pre-existing medical conditions. Respondents reported having increased feelings of nervousness, anxious, or being on edge post-COVID (p=0.01). Significant decrease in general feelings of sadness (p=0.006), anxiety (p=0.03) and stress (p=0.002) post-COVID were also reported.
 Conclusions: Quarantine measures trigger psychological problems in certain areas. Physical activity has benefits to reduce COVID-19 infection while also promoting psychological health, thus promoting physical activity should be a public health priority.