The effects of the cross‐linking mechanism of low doses of gamma irradiation on the mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of the natural rubber latex/poly(styrene‐<i>block</i>‐isoprene‐<i>block</i>‐styrene) block copolymer blend

Lazim, Nurul Hakimah; Hidzir, Norsyahidah Mohd; Hamzah, Naim Syauqi; Takenaka, Mitsuru; Shamsudin, Siti Aisyah

doi:10.1002/pen.25843

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The higher T max implies that the 14 kGy dose induced higher thermal stability in the blend due to radiation‐induced crosslinking. Similar increases in T max have been found in previous studies 22,23 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The optimum 14 kGy dose produced the maximum gel content, 45.38%, and crosslinking density, 34.9 × 10 −5 mol/cm 3 , compared to the control film. The resistance to toluene might be due to the increase in crosslinking density and reduced mobility of polymer chains due to the crosslinking 22 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To validate the crystalline nature of NR in a bulk quantity of the blend films, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was As given in Figure 4d, the XRD spectrum of control blend film showed an amorphous peak with a broad feature at 2θ = 18.28 , corresponding to NR peak and similar to the neat NR spectrum from our previous study. 22 The 14 kGy-vulcanized film at ambient condition also featured similar amorphous NR peak. Furthermore, it is noteworthy the vacuum condition induces crystallinity in the 14 kGy-vulcanized blend with the presence of NR sharp peak at a similar 2θ = 18.28 .…”

Section: Monitoring Chemical Structure and Crystallinity Of Vulcanize...mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The resistance to toluene might be due to the increase in crosslinking density and reduced mobility of polymer chains due to the crosslinking. 22 In Figure S1, the TGA curves below 300 C exhibit two minor degradation steps attributed to the degradation of the HDAA (100-140 C) and potassium laureate (150-180 C) stabilizers. A significant degradation step occurs at around 300-400 C, with a small shoulder observed at approximately 420 C, associated with isoprene and PS degradation, respectively.…”

Section: Gel Content Crosslink Density Thermal and Mechanical Propert...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar increases in T max have been found in previous studies. 22,23 The stress-strain behavior reflects the mechanical performance of NR/SIS blend films. Representative stress-strain curves for the control and irradiated blend films are plotted in Figure 3.…”

Section: Gel Content Crosslink Density Thermal and Mechanical Propert...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing natural rubber blends for examination gloves: Vacuum radiation for mechanical strength and solvent barrier

Lazim,

Shamsudin,

Hidzir

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural rubber (NR) is emblematic of sustainability compared to synthetic rubber. However, the tradition of adding sulfur as a vulcanization ingredient results in the release of toxic substances and the potential for health issues. In this study, a feasible strategy was proposed to replace sulfur and discover a safe bulk modification process for NR films. The results have shown that the NR particle size was disintegrated to below 10 nm by gamma irradiation. High tension strength up to 24.45 MPa was observed in the vulcanized NR blend film, which could be elongated up to 800% strain after exposure to an optimum dose of 14 kGy. In comparison to commercial NR latex and nitrile gloves, the vulcanized NR/ SIS films exhibited better chemical resistance ability against hexane, methanol, toluene, and acetone, as revealed by the permeation test. The appearance of amorphous regions and highly oriented NR crystallites was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Findings from this study propose the vacuum radiation strategy that can replace conventional vulcanization methods, resulting in NR films with high mechanical and barrier performance. Furthermore, the emission of toxic substances is reduced by this green process, making it practically useful for potential chemical‐resistant examination glove applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Chemical Structure and Crystallinity Of Vulcanize...mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Gel Content Crosslink Density Thermal and Mechanical Propert...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gel Content Crosslink Density Thermal and Mechanical Propert...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optimizing natural rubber blends for examination gloves: Vacuum radiation for mechanical strength and solvent barrier

Lazim,

Shamsudin,

Hidzir

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Enhanced mechanical property of polyethylene wax/gadolinium oxide/methyl vinyl silicone rubber composites via gamma irradiation

Xin,

Dai,

Qian

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The properties of rubber can be changed by controlling the radiation conditions, so as to be suitable for specific application scenarios. This study compares the structure, mechanical properties, cross‐linking density, thermal properties, and shielding properties of polyethylene wax/gadolinium oxide/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (PEW/Gd2O3/MVQ) under different radiation doses and atmospheric conditions. The results showed that the tensile strength of the neutron shielding rubber exhibited growth and subsequently decreased with increasing irradiation dosage, and the tensile strength reached the optimum value of 8.29 MPa after 25 kGy in air. The hardness and cross‐linking density of the sample increase with the increase of the dose, and especially the hardness and cross‐linking density of the sample irradiated in the air atmosphere at 25 kGy were better than that in the vacuum. The addition of PEW to the rubber significantly increased the thermal neutron‐shielding rate, from 74.10% to 86.59% when 36 phr of Gd2O3 was added. The thermal neutron‐shielding rate increased from 84.42% to 88.39% when irradiated 50 kGy in air. It was found that the comprehensive performance of the rubber was optimized after irradiation of 25 kGy in the air atmosphere.Highlights The mechanical properties of rubber are enhanced by low‐dose irradiation in air. Irradiation of rubber in air is superior to irradiation in vacuum, with optimal results at 25 kGy. Rubber maintains thermal stability at low doses of irradiation. The addition of PEW improves the shielding properties. Rubber retains excellent thermal neutron‐shielding properties after irradiation.

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Development of (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitsoan/citric acid)/(zinc oxide‐nanoparticles) bionanocomposite films and their applications in biodegradation and antimicrobial activity

Awadallah‐F,

Aboulfotouh,

Ali

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Biofilm and bionanocomposite films were synthesized from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), chitosan (CS), citric acid (CA), and zinc oxide‐nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs). Effects of gamma‐irradiation dose and ZnO‐NPs concentrations; 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 (wt./wt.)% were studied. Biofilms and bionanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐rays diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray, and mechanical properties to identify structure of biofilm and bionanocomposite films. Swelling (g/g)% and gelation (g/g)% of biofilms were carried out at diverse compositions of PVP to CS of (1/1), (1/2), and (2/1) (v/v). Swelling (g/g)% results of (1/1), (1/2), and (2/1) (v/v) were 116, 110, and 126, respectively. Values of highest and lowest gelation (g/g)% of (1/2) and (2/1) (v/v) are 98.0 ± 1.8 and 85.0 ± 2.6, respectively at 30 kGy. Water vapor transmission rate was studied for films and exposed 3450 ± 4.1 and 185.8 ± 1.2 (kg/m2.day) for open bottle and (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5), respectively. Values of water solubility (g/g)% were investigated and found 30.21 ± 1.3 and 15.4 ± 2.5 for (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐0) and (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5), accordingly. Bionanocomposite films displayed a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria and Gram‐positive bacteria. (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐0.1) showed lowest inhibition zone; 4 ± 0.2, 9 ± 0.5, 19 ± 0.1, and 8 ± 0.3 (mm) compared with (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5) of highest inhibition zone; 16 ± 0.5, 28 ± 0.2, 33 ± 0.6, and 18 ± 0.3 (mm) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Antimicrobial activity increased with increasing ZnO‐NPs concentrations. Biodegradation of biofilms and bionanocomposite films were examined under soil from 0 to120 days. Results of weight loss (g/g)% at 120 days of (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐0) and (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5) are 72 ± 4.5 and 47.5 ± 3.8, respectively. Bionanocomposite films were used in food preservation of fresh cherry tomatoes for 30 days and showed goodness. Therefore, these results suggest that the possibility of using bionanocomposite films in food‐packaging applications.Highlights Synthesis of development of (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitsoan/citric acid)/(zinc oxide‐nanoparticles) bionanocomposite films. Characterization of bionanocomposite films by different techniques. Study of biodegradation of bionanocomposite films. Study of antimicrobial of bionanocomposite films. Usage of bionanocomposite films in cherry tomatoes preservation for 30 days.

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The effects of the cross‐linking mechanism of low doses of gamma irradiation on the mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of the natural rubber latex/poly(styrene‐block‐isoprene‐block‐styrene) block copolymer blend

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

Optimizing natural rubber blends for examination gloves: Vacuum radiation for mechanical strength and solvent barrier

Optimizing natural rubber blends for examination gloves: Vacuum radiation for mechanical strength and solvent barrier

Enhanced mechanical property of polyethylene wax/gadolinium oxide/methyl vinyl silicone rubber composites via gamma irradiation

Development of (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitsoan/citric acid)/(zinc oxide‐nanoparticles) bionanocomposite films and their applications in biodegradation and antimicrobial activity

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