The effects of the estrus cycle and citalopram on anxiety-like behaviors and c-fos expression in rats

Sayin, Aslıhan; Derinöz, Okşan; Yüksel, Nevzat; Şahin, Selda; Bolay, Hayrünnisa

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.002

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This result was surprising since high levels of estrogen appear to be protective in terms of cognition, brain plasticity, and behavior [42,43]. A previous study by Sayin et al [44] found that high levels of estrogen exert an anxiolytic effect. These effects appear to occur in a short-term period of time, or by the non-genomic effects of estrogen, lasting from minutes to hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian hormones modify anxiety behavior and glucocorticoid receptors after chronic social isolation stress

Ramos-Ortolaza

Doreste-Mendez

Alvarado-Torres

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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Chronic social isolation could lead to a disruption in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors but cycling estrogens could modify these behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine if changes in ovarian hormones during the normal cycle could interact with social isolation to alter anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. In parallel, we examined the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of Sprague Dawley normal cycling female rats. We assigned rats to either isolated or paired housing for 8 weeks. To assess anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, we used the open field test and forced swim test, respectively. Female rats were tested at either diestrus, estrus, or proestrus stage of the estrous cycle. After behaviors, rats were perfused and brains collected. Brain sections containing hippocampus and hypothalamus were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels. We found an increase in depressive-like behaviors for isolated animals compared to paired housed rats, regardless of the estrous cycle stage. Interestingly, we found a decrease in anxiety behaviors in females in the estrus stage accompanied by a decrease in GR expression in hippocampal DG and CA3. However, no changes in synaptophysin were observed in any of the areas of studied. Our results support the beneficial effects of circulating ovarian hormones in anxiety, possibly by decreasing GR expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian hormones modify anxiety behavior and glucocorticoid receptors after chronic social isolation stress

Ramos-Ortolaza

Doreste-Mendez

Alvarado-Torres

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Thirty male pups were randomly selected from 8 dams (2–3 dams per treatment group) for behavioral testing, with a total of three treatment groups for each sex with 10 rats in each group, although the sample size used for each assay varied slightly. Females were not used due to the impact that estrus cycling has been shown to have on several of the behavioral measured gathered in this study (Craft and Leitl, 2008; Sayin et al, 2014; Takeo and Sakuma, 1995; Vinogradova, 1999; Warren and Juraska,1997). Offspring were housed in same sex pairs for the duration of the study with ad libitum access to food and water in the home cage, except during caloric restriction experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of gestational and chronic atrazine exposure on motor behaviors and striatal dopamine in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Walters

Lansdell

Lookingland

et al. 2015

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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This study sought to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant gestational followed by continued chronic exposure to the herbicide, atrazine, on motor function, cognition, and neurochemical indices of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) activity in male rats. Dams were treated with 100 µg/kg atrazine, 10 mg/kg atrazine, or vehicle on gestational day 1 through postnatal day 21. Upon weaning, male offspring continued daily vehicle or atrazine gavage treatments for an additional six months. Subjects were tested in a series of behavioral assays, and 24 h after the last treatment, tissue samples from the striatum were analyzed for DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). At 10 mg/kg, this herbicide was found to produce modest disruptions in motor functioning, and at both dose levels it significantly lowered striatal DA and DOPAC concentrations. These results suggest exposures to atrazine have the potential to disrupt nigrostriatal DA neurons and behaviors associated with motor functioning.

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“…The previous studies also reported no estrous cycle effect on choice performance in the rIGT task (Georgiou et al, 2018 ) and in the risky decision making task with probabilistic foot-shock (Orsini et al, 2016 ). Changes in c-fos expression level in the PV across estrous cycle was also not found in the elevated plus maze task (Sayin et al, 2014 ). Thus, it is less likely that estrous cycle effected our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex Differences in Risk Preference and c-Fos Expression in Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus of Rats During Gambling Task

Ishii

Onodera

Ohara

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Different biological requirements between males and females may cause sex differences in decision preference when choosing between taking a risk to get a higher gain or taking a lower but sure gain. Several studies have tested this assumption in rats, however the conclusion remains controversial because the previous real-world like gambling tasks contained a learning component to track a global payoff of probabilistic outcome in addition to risk preference. Therefore, we modified a simple gambling task allowing us to exclude such learning effect, and investigated the sex difference in risk preference of rats and its neural basis. The task required water deprived rats to choose between a risky option which provided four drops of water or no reward at a 50% random chance vs. a sure option which provided predictable amount x (x = 1, 2, 3, 4). The amount and the risk were explicitly instructed so that different choice conditions could be tested trial by trial without re-learning of reward contingency. Although both sexes correctly chose the sure option with the same level of accuracy when the sure option provided the best offer (x = 4), they exhibited different choice performances when two options had the same expected value (x = 2). Males and females both preferred to take risky choices than sure choices (risk seeking), but males were more risk seeking than females. Outcome-history analysis of their choice pattern revealed that females reduced their risk preference after losing risky choices, whereas males did not. Rather, as losses continued, reaction time for subsequent risky choices got shorter in males. Given that significant sex difference features mainly emerged after negative experiences, male and female rats may evaluate an unsuccessful outcome of their decision in different manners. Furthermore, c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PV) was higher in the gambling task than for the control task in males while c-fos levels did not differ in females. The present study provides a clear evidence of sex differences in risk preference in rats and suggests that the PV is a candidate region contributing to sex differences in risky decision making.

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The effects of the estrus cycle and citalopram on anxiety-like behaviors and c-fos expression in rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 66 publications

Ovarian hormones modify anxiety behavior and glucocorticoid receptors after chronic social isolation stress

Ovarian hormones modify anxiety behavior and glucocorticoid receptors after chronic social isolation stress

The effects of gestational and chronic atrazine exposure on motor behaviors and striatal dopamine in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Sex Differences in Risk Preference and c-Fos Expression in Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus of Rats During Gambling Task

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