The effects of the interaction between BMI and dyslipidemia on hypertension in adults

Abstract

Body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia are indicators of human health and are often associated with high blood pressure. In this study,we explored the relationship between BMI or dyslipidemia and the risk of hypertension and further verified the possible interacting influences of BMI with dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension. The aim is to explore the possible risk factors of hypertension and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Eligible subjects were selected from a cross-sectional survey in Changsha City, and we collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height2 (m2), and divided into four categories according to the Chinese standard. Dyslipidemia is defined according to Chinese guideline. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for dichotomous variables to determine the risk or protective factors of dependent variables. Multivariate Logistic model was used to study the influence of BMI and dyslipidemia on hypertension. The following indicators were used to assess the interaction effects: (1) Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) Attributable proportion due to interaction(AP); (3) Synergy index (SI). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 2740 eligible participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, of which 765 subjects (27.9%) were diagnosed with hypertension. Multivariate Logistic model showed that overweight (OR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.39–2.09) or obese (OR: 2.60, 95%CI: 1.84–3.66) subjects had a significantly higher risk of hypertension than normal weight people, and underweight was a protective factor for hypertension(OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29–0.93). People with dyslipidemia have a higher risk of hypertension than those with normal lipids (OR: 3.05, 95%CI: 2.36–3.90). In addition,there was a significant potentiating interaction effect between overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia(overweight: RERI (1.91, 95%CI: 0.17–3.66), AP (0.40, 95%CI:0.14–0.66), SI (2.03, 95%CI:1.11–3.74) and obesity: RERI (2.20, 95%CI:1.01–3.40), AP (0.38, 95%CI:0.18–0.58), SI (1.84, 95%CI:1.18–2.89), while no interaction was found between underweight and dyslipidemia. Low body weight is an independent protective factor for hypertension, but overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia are risk factors for hypertension, and dyslipidemia significantly shared interactions with overweight and obesity that influenced the risk of hypertension.

BMI mediates the association of family medical history with self-reported hypertension and diabetes among older adults: Evidence from baseline wave of the longitudinal aging study in India

“…Furthermore, older adults in this study with increased BMI had higher odds of being diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes. Consistent with the current findings, past research established that low body weight is an independent protective factor for hypertension ( Tang et al, 2022 ), whereas overweight/obesity are risk factors for hypertension and diabetes ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Medhi et al, 2021 ; Min & Cho, 2018 ; Tang et al, 2022 ). Similarly, studies indicated that lower body weight may significantly reduce the risk of diabetes and hypertension ( Amador et al, 2006 ; Pinto & Beltrán-Sánchez, 2015 ).…”

“…Another study showed that there is strong mediation effect of childhood insulin level with the childhood BMI status and that ultimately increases the risk of hypertension during adulthood and later life ( Zhang et al, 2016 ). It is also shown that the higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among those with overweight/obesity could be determined by dyslipidemia which is attributed to the elevated levels of cholesterol or fats (lipids) ( Tang et al, 2022 ). Therefore, the role of health risk behaviour, food intake, and other genetic factors needs to be explored further to better understand BMI classification and hypertension and diabetes.…”

Relationship Between Lipid Profiles and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study of 62,957 Chinese Adult Males

“…In China, the prevalence is reported to be as high as 44.7% among adults aged 35–75 years ( 2 ). Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, with various influencing factors interacting with each other ( 3 ). Therefore, identification of risk factors for hypertension and effective early prevention are essential to lower the public health burden.…”

Associations between triglyceride-glucose index and different hypertension subtypes: A population-based study in China

“…One hypertension study suggested that several additive interactions were found between the TyG index and certain anthropometric measures such as waist-to-height ratio and percentage of body fat only ( 33 ). Alternatively, Tang et al ( 42 ) demonstrated a potentiating effect modification between high BMI (e.g., overweight and obesity) and hypercholesteremia on hypertension. The observed interaction between BMI and hyperlipidemia can be potentially explained by an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and IR among overweight and obese people, which subsequently leads to the development of hypertension ( 43 ).…”