The effects of the interface on microstructure and rheo-mechanical properties of polyamide 6/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites prepared by in-situ ring-opening polymerization and subsequent melt extrusion

Rahimi, Shahab Kashani; Otaigbe, Joshua U.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.064

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Reinforcement of high melting temperature polymers with modified biomass has extensively been reported [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Likewise, it has also been extensively reported that the addition of cellulose fibrils in various forms to produce polymeric composites can greatly enhance mechanical properties of the base polymeric materials at significantly lower loadings compared to other biomasses [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Forms of cellulose fibrils can range from cellulose powders to microcrystalline cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Advanced Functional Material Applications of Nanocellulose

2018

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The need to transition to more sustainable and renewable technology has resulted in a focus on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) as one of the materials of the future with potential for replacing currently used synthetic materials. Its abundance and bio-derived source make it attractive and sought after as well. CNFs and CNCs are naturally hydrophilic due to the abundance of -OH group on their surface which makes them an excellent recipient for applications in the medical industry. However, the hydrophilicity is a deterrent to many other industries, subsequently limiting their application scope. In either light, the increased rate of progress using CNCs in advanced materials applications are well underway and is becoming applicable on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review explores the current modification platforms and processes of nanocellulose directly as functional materials and as carriers/substrates of other functional materials for advanced materials applications. Niche functional attributes such as superhydrophobicity, barrier, electrical, and antimicrobial properties are reviewed due to the focus and significance of such attributes in industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Advanced Functional Material Applications of Nanocellulose

2018

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“…The geometry and properties of the CNC fiber, including its elastic modulus (E f ), were taken from the literature [1], and an ellipsoid fiber with a width of 0.5 nm and a length of 5 nm (giving an aspect ratio of 10) was modeled. The elastic modulus of the matrix (Em) was taken from the value obtained from the tensile test of Polyamide 6 in a previous experimental study [4]. Numerous studies have been conducted on the parameters of the interphase region.…”

Section: Geometry and Materials Properties Of Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have been conducted on the parameters of the interphase region. Among them, two studies [4,15] measured the interval length and stiffness between a CNC fiber and the matrix by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicated that the radius of the interphase region was close to the width of the CNC fiber, while the stiffness of the interphase region increased nonlinearly as it transitioned from the matrix to the fiber.…”

Section: Geometry and Materials Properties Of Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of interphase parameters on elastic modulus prediction for cellulose nanocrystal fiber reinforced polymer composite

Lim

Kim

Park

2020

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials

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In this study, the effective elastic modulus (Ec) of a cellulose nanocrystal fiber reinforced polymer composite was evaluated using the Mori-Tanaka and finite element (FE) model. The FE model was generated using a representative volume element with a periodic boundary condition. The mass fractions of the fiber in the composites (MFf) were set to 1, 2, and 3 wt.%. Elastic modulus values for interphase were input and were either uniform or exhibited a gradient. The E c for the uniform interphase region increased significantly with MFf, but was relatively low for interphase regions exhibiting a gradient. The results show that interphase parameters must be considered carefully when predicting Ec using the FE model.

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“…Meanwhile, the high melting temperature of the thermoplastic resins would also have an adverse impact on natural fiber. In order to overcome these problems, a vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) [9] was adopted by using a reactive thermoplastic polymer, i.e., anionic polyamide-6 (APA-6) [10][11][12][13]. The anionic ring opening polymerization of caprolactam is polymerized into a high according to a specific ratio, and the mixture was heated to 95 • C and stirred for 4 h. The pretreated fiber was recorded as NF-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Performance of Different Modified Ramie Fabrics Reinforced Anionic Polyamide-6 Composites

et al. 2019

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Anionic polyamide-6 (APA-6) composites are prepared by the VARIM process using different modified ramie fabrics to study the structure and properties of different composites. This study can not only evaluate the optimal modification method for the ramie fabrics, but also further explore the interface interaction mechanism between ramie fabrics and APA-6. In this article, the ramie fabrics are modified by a pretreatment, coupling agent and alkali modification. Different modification methods have different effects on the structure, surface properties and mechanical properties of ramie fabrics, which will further affect the impregnation process, interfacial and mechanical properties of the composites. Through the performance analysis of different modified ramie fabrics reinforced APA-6 composites, the conversion, crystallinity and molecular weight of these composites are at a high level, which indicate that the polymerization of these composites is well controlled. The coupling agent modified ramie fabrics composites and the pretreated ramie fabrics composites have higher flexural modulus, tensile strength and dynamic mechanical properties. Alkali-modified ramie fabrics composites have slightly lower mechanical properties, which however have the highest interlaminar shear strength and outperformed interface properties of the composites.

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The effects of the interface on microstructure and rheo-mechanical properties of polyamide 6/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites prepared by in-situ ring-opening polymerization and subsequent melt extrusion

Cited by 33 publications

References 79 publications

Trends in Advanced Functional Material Applications of Nanocellulose

Trends in Advanced Functional Material Applications of Nanocellulose

Effect of interphase parameters on elastic modulus prediction for cellulose nanocrystal fiber reinforced polymer composite

Preparation and Performance of Different Modified Ramie Fabrics Reinforced Anionic Polyamide-6 Composites

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