The effects of the presence of stored product pests on the microfauna of a flour community

Yezerski, Ann; Cussatt, G.; Glick, David L.; Evancho, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02479.x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…They are however expressed at much higher levels in adults than in eggs. Flour habitats are known to contain a high diversity and abundance of bacteria, yeasts and fungi (Borjesson et al, 1989;Yezerski et al, 2005). It is likely that these beetles maintain a constant high-level defense against fungi that are naturally present in their environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous egg immune defenses in the yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor)

Jacobs

Gallagher

Evison

et al. 2017

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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In order to survive microbe encounters, insects rely on both physical barriers as well as local and systemic immune responses. Most research focusses on adult or larval defenses however, whereas insect eggs are also in need of protection. Lately, the defense of eggs against microbes has received an increasing amount of attention, be it through endogenous egg defenses, trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) or parental investment. Here we studied the endogenous immune response in eggs and adults of Tenebrio molitor. We show that many immune genes are induced in both adults and eggs. Furthermore, we show that eggs reach comparable levels of immune gene expression as adults. These findings show that the eggs of Tenebrio are capable of an impressive endogenous immune response, and indicate that such inducible egg defenses are likely common in insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous egg immune defenses in the yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor)

Jacobs

Gallagher

Evison

et al. 2017

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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“…However, very few studies (Yezerski et al, 2005;Larson et al, 2008b;Channaiah et al, 2010) have addressed the importance of stored-product insects carrying enterococci. To our knowledge, there are no studies addressing the antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of enterococci associated with stored-product insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci

Channaiah

Subramanyam

McKinney

et al. 2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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A total of 154 enterococcal isolates from 95 stored-product insects collected from a feed mill, a grain storage silo, and a retail store were isolated and identified to the species level using PCR. Enterococcus casseliflavus represented 51% of the total isolates, followed by Enterococcus gallinarum (24%), Enterococcus faecium (14%), Enterococcus faecalis (7%), and Enterococcus hirae (5%). Many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (48%), followed by streptomycin (21%), erythromycin (14%), kanamycin (13%), ciprofloxacin (12%), ampicillin (4%), and chloramphenicol (<1%). Enterococci carried genes coding for virulence factors, including the gelatinase gene gelE (26% of isolates), an enterococcal surface protein gene esp (1%), and the cytolysin gene cylA (2%). An aggregation substance (asa1) gene was detected in six out of 10 E. faecalis isolates and five of these were positive for the aggregation substance. Enterococci were positive for hemolytic (57% of isolates) and gelatinolytic (23%) activity. The filter-mating assay showed that the tetracycline resistance gene, tetM, was transferable among E. faecalis by conjugation. These data demonstrated that stored-product insects can serve as potential vectors in disseminating antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci.

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“…In the group of the studied metabolites, 1,4-benzoquinone caused the greatest damage to cytochrome P450. Yezerski et al (2005Yezerski et al ( , 2007 reported that are inhibitors of growth of various microorganisms.…”

Section: Absorption and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carcinogenic effects of benzoquinones produced by the flour beetle

Lis¹,

Bakuła²,

Baranowski³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Humans and animals come into contact with various compounds in their natural environment. Most of the encountered substances are neutral, yet some may carry adverse health effects. The ingested food may be a source of harmful substances, including benzoquinones which, as shown by research results cited in this paper, demonstrate toxic, carcinogenic and enterotoxic activity. This group of compounds is inclusive of 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MBQ) and 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (EBQ), defensive secretions of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum J. du V) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). Benzoquinones have a carcinogenic effect, they are inhibitors of growth of various microorganisms, they produce a self-defense mechanism in threat situations and affect population aggregation. As noted by the referenced authors, the properties of benzoquinones have not been fully researched to this date.

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The effects of the presence of stored product pests on the microfauna of a flour community

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Endogenous egg immune defenses in the yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor)

Endogenous egg immune defenses in the yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor)

Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci

The carcinogenic effects of benzoquinones produced by the flour beetle

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