The effects of theory of planned behavior-based intervention on quality of life in women living with HIV in Iran: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Introduction: Despite growing research, only few studies have investigated effective models for improving quality of life (QoL) of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to determine the impact of theory of planned behavior-based (TPB) intervention on the quality of life in women living with HIV.Material and methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 80 women living with HIV in Tehran, Iran, between January and October 2018. 80 women were selected randomly, and 40 women were assigned to each intervention and control group. Intervention program included four weekly sessions, each lasting 90-120 minutes. A demographic characteristics questionnaire and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire for HIV brief version (WHOQOL-HIV-BREF) instrument were used at baseline, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention in both groups. Higher score indicated better QoL. Results:The score of overall QoL in the intervention group, 8, and 12 weeks after education were 102. 38 ± 16.10 and 107.97 ± 15.40, compared with 78.92 ± 13.60 and 75.10 ± 12.90 in the control group. Analyzing between-group differences revealed that the score of QoL in the intervention group at 8 and 12 weeks after education were significantly higher than baseline (102.38 ± 16.10 and 107.97 ± 15.40 vs. 93.2 ± 19.40, respectively). Whereas in the control group, this score decreased significantly, indicating a decline in the quality of life in HIV-positive women (78.92 ± 13.60 and 75.10 ± 12.90 vs. 94.50 ± 16.50, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conclusions:Theory-based training of planned behavior improves attitudes towards HIV, abstract norms, control and behavioral intention, behavior, and overall quality of life in women living with HIV.Registration number: IRCT20120414009463N58.