The effects of three different low-volume aerobic training protocols on cardiometabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different aerobic training protocols on cardiometabolic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis study was a parallel clinical trial. Fifty-two men and women with T2DM (>40 years) were randomly allocated into three groups, and 44 (22 males/22 females) were included in the final analysis. Exercise intensity was based on the speed corresponding to the maximum oxygen consumption (vV˙O2max). Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) involved 14 minutes at 70% of vV˙O2max; short interval high-intensity interval training (S-HIIT) consisted of 20 bouts of 30 seconds at 100% of V˙O2max with 30 seconds passive recovery; long interval high-intensity training (L-HIIT) consisted of 5 bouts of 2 minutes at 100% of vV˙O2max with 2 minutes passive recovery. Training protocols were performed on a motorized treadmill two times per week for eight weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), total cholesterol, triglycerides, resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (resting HR) and maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) were measured before and after the exercise intervention. The study was registered on the Brazilian clinical trial records (ID: RBR45 4RJGC3).ResultsThere was a significant difference between groups for changes on V˙O2max. Greater increases on V˙O2max were achieved for L-HIIT (p = 0.04) and S-HIIT (p = 0.01) in comparison to MICT group, with no significant difference between L-HIIT and S-HIIT (p = 0.9). Regarding comparison within groups, there were significant reductions on HbA1c and triglycerides levels only for L-HIIT (p< 0.05). V˙O2max significantly increased for both L-HIIT (MD = 3.2 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min, p< 0.001) and S-HIIT (MD = 3.4 ± 1.7, p< 0.001). There was a significant reduction on resting SBP for L-HIIT group (MD = -12.07 ± 15.3 mmHg, p< 0.01), but not for S-HIIT and MICT. There were no significant changes from pre- to post-training on fasting glycemia, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, resting HR and resting DBP for any group (p > 0.05).ConclusionLow-volume HIIT promoted greater improvements in cardiorespiratory capacity in comparison with low-volume MICT, independent of the protocols used. There were no other differences between groups. All protocols improved at least one of the variables analyzed; however, the most evident benefits were after the high-intensity protocols, especially L-HIIT.

Effects of combined training with different intensities on cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

“…Exercise training has been shown to be an effective tool for health promotion [9][10][11][12][13][14] , can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve cardiac function and structure in patients with T2DM [15][16][17][18] . However, there are limited data on the effects of exercise on cardiac function and structure in patients with asymptomatic T2DM, and the effects of the type and mode of exercise intervention on cardiac function and structure are still unclear.…”

A Report on Attempts to Acquire Exercise Habits Through Japanese Health Education for Adult Workers from Cebu, Philippines

“…Any form of regular physical activity can benefit the patient (17). Glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting glucose levels significantly decreased in patients with diabetes who participated and improved their performance in aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises (18).…”

The Chronic Effect of Stair Climbing–Descending Exercises after Meals on Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Additionally, HIE for even short durations of <10 min (e.g., six bouts of 1 min high-intensity incline walking) could decrease postprandial BG levels and 24 h BG levels [3][4][5][6]. Furthermore, a recent randomized controlled trial showed the chronic effect of short-duration HIE on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with T2D [7]. An eight-week HIE program (five bouts of two minutes of walking/running on a treadmill at 100% of VO 2 max with an interval of two minutes) significantly improved HbA1c levels (mean value: −1.80%).…”