The effects of thyroid hormone on vitamin D‐induced nephrocalcinosis

Newman, Raymond J.

doi:10.1002/path.1711110103

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This would then lead to elevated cytoplasmic calcium levels and an increased predisposition to nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. 1 Mitochondria are present in high amounts in the renal medulla and tubular cells, and their dysfunction is associated with renal acidosis, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease. 2 The exact mechanism of mitochondrial calcium accumulation resulting from hypothyroidism has until recently remained unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association of nephrocalcinosis and congenital hypothyroidism has been reported in 35 cases in the literature, the majority of which were described in a case series published in 1973 1 . The paucity of reports is explained by the introduction of neonatal screening at the end of the 1970s, which has fortunately allowed for timely identification of newborn cases of congenital hypothyroidism, thus avoiding complications due to a lack of adequate treatment, such as nephrocalcinosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been postulated that calcium accumulation against its concentration gradient in mitochondria of renal tubular cells could be defective in hypothyroidism, due to altered oxidative phosphorylation. This would then lead to elevated cytoplasmic calcium levels and an increased predisposition to nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis 1 . Mitochondria are present in high amounts in the renal medulla and tubular cells, and their dysfunction is associated with renal acidosis, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case of nephrocalcinosis in a 7‐month‐old with congenital hypothyroidism: Insights from targeted exome sequencing

Zgheib,

Quteineh,

Parvex

et al. 2024

Pediatric Discovery

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Nephrocalcinosis is a complex disease with a multitude of triggering factors. An association with congenital hypothyroidism has been described in the literature, but the mechanisms leading to its development remain unclear. A 7‐month‐old infant presented with muscular hypotonia and signs of malnutrition was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism, nephrocalcinosis of unclear origin, and multiple kidney stones. Urine analysis revealed the presence of calcium oxalate crystals and slightly elevated oxaluria without hypercalciuria. Targeted exome sequencing found no variants in the four causative genes of primary oxaluria, namely AGXT, CBX5, GRHPR, and HOGA1. The clinical outcome was favorable with thyroid hormone and potassium citrate treatment. Ultrasound follow‐up showed progressive improvement of nephrocalcinosis. The low level of urinary oxalate and the prevalence of dihydrate calcium oxalate crystals spoke against primary or secondary oxaluria. Recent evidence from mitochondrial research shows that thyroid hormone T3 enhances mitochondrial calcium levels by stimulating calcium uptake by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. A reduced calcium uptake and metabolism in mitochondria might represent an explanation for cytoplasmic calcium accumulation in tubular cells, subsequently precipitating nephrocalcinosis in the absence of thyroid hormone. Even if the pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood, recent evidence is supportive of a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and nephrocalcinosis, a sometimes overlooked association.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A case of nephrocalcinosis in a 7‐month‐old with congenital hypothyroidism: Insights from targeted exome sequencing

Zgheib,

Quteineh,

Parvex

et al. 2024

Pediatric Discovery

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“…The exact mechanism remains obscure (83). In jirds, both hypothroi dism and hyperthyroidism increased the sensitivity to renal damage to hyper vitaminosis D. The pathology differed in the two sets of jirds, suggesting that mitochondria serve as temporary ion buffering systems which are stimulated in the hyperthyroid state (84). A peripheral study related the calcium-mobilizing effect of large doses of vitamin D3 in anephric rats (85).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%