The effects of trade policies for fresh fruit and vegetables of the European Union

Alternate furrow irrigation affects yield and water-use efficiency of maize under deficit irrigation

“…Over the past few decades, markets in the EU have been expanding, as higher incomes and changing lifestyles raised demand for Mediterranean fruit and vegetables. During that period, MENA countries gradually received more favorable access to EU markets (Cioffi and dell'Aquila 2004).…”

The entry price threshold in EU agriculture: Deterrent or barrier?

“…Cioffi and dell'Aquila (2004) showed that EPS played a relevant role on the European imports of fruits and vegetables. More recently an evaluation report on the EPS casted doubt on previous results, showing that for some F&V products covered by the import regime the import growth rate did not differ from that not covered by the EPS (Agrosynergie, 2008).…”

“…lemons and apples), as the possibility to store those products and circumvent the payment of the tariff deprives the Entry Price System of its efficacy (Cioffi and dell'Aquila, 2004). For these products, it could be advisable to improve the Entry Price System by setting more stringent rules able to avoid that foreign products are stored within the European Union and sold on the domestic markets at a favourable import value.…”

The Entry Price Threshold in EU Agriculture: Deterrent or Barrier?

“…The working of the EPS is well known and widely analyzed by several authors (e.g. Swimbank and Ritson, 1995;Cioffi and dell'Aquila, 2004;Emlinger, Jacquet and Lozza, 2008;Goetz and Grethe, 2009;Emingler, Lozza and Jacquet, 2010;Garcia, Gomez and Villanueva, 2010;Goetz and Grethe, 2010), but a consensus on its effectiveness is still lacking. Furthermore, while «entry prices for many products are probably not protective, and could readily be abolished» (Swinbank, 2011), it is also likely they produce (still unclear) distortive effects deserving further investigations (Winchester, 2011;Li and Beghin, forthcoming).…”