The Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Skin Temperature in Asymptomatic Subjects

Scudds, Rhonda J.; Helewa, A; Scudds, Roger A.

doi:10.1093/ptj/75.7.621

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a well defined method of pain management; however, some studies found an increase in skin temperature and perfusion in healthy subjects (21). This important discovery prompted research into the effects of TENS on chronic ulcers and flaps.…”

Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

2002

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The aim of this study was to determine the role of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the viability of random skin flaps. In 30 Wistar-EPM rats, a random 10×4 cm skin flap was raised and a plastic barrier was interposed between the flap and its bed. Immediately after surgery and for two subsequent days, the rats in group 1 (the control group) were anesthetized for 1 h with the electrodes positioned in the base of the flap and without the administration of the electric stimulus. The rats in group 2 (the treatment group) were submitted to TENS for 1 h immediately after the surgery and for two subsequent days. The percentage of necrotic area (averages of 43.11% in the rats in group 1 and 23.52% in the rats in group 2) was calculated on the seventh postoperative day in both groups. Statistical analysis proved that TENS was more efficient in increasing random skin flap viability than was the method used in the control group.Key Words: Electrical stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viability Effet de la neurostimulation transcutanée sur la viabilité de lambeaux cutanés choisis au hasard chez des rats RÉSUMÉ : L'étude visait à déterminer le rôle de la neurostimulation transcutanée dans la viabilité de lambeaux cutanés choisis au hasard. Nous avons d'abord soulevé un lambeau cutané de 10 cm sur 4 cm chez 30 rats Wistar-EPM, puis inséré une pellicule de plastique entre le lambeau et son lit. Immédiatement après l'intervention et pendant les deux jours qui ont suivi, nous avons anesthésié les rats du groupe 1 (groupe témoin) pendant une heure et posé des électrodes à la base du lambeau sans toutefois procéder à l'électrostimulation, tandis que nous avons soumis les rats du groupe 2 (groupe expérimental) à la neurostimulation transcutanée pendant une heure. Sept jours après l'intervention, nous avons calculé le pourcentage de zones nécrosées dans les deux groupes (moyennes de 43,11 % chez les rats du groupe 1 et de 23,52 % chez les rats du groupe 2). D'après l'analyse statistique, la neurostimulation transcutanée s'est avérée plus efficace que la méthode utilisée dans le groupe témoin pour accroître la viabilité des lambeaux cutanés choisis au hasard.

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Section: Abstract: Electrical Stimulation; Flaps; Rats; Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

2002

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“…2,18 The TENS is a well-known, low cost and easy-to-use therapeutic source to control acute and chronic pain. 32 Besides the analgesic effect, some researches demonstrated that TENS application alters the temperature and cutaneous blood flow 19,20,23,33,34 enlarging the range of indications for the use of TENS in the treatment of chronic ulcers 22,25,35,36 and ischemic skin flaps. 6,7,18 The present study showed that TENS treatments may increase the viability of skin flap in a rat model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Based on these findings, the present study was therefore designed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency TENS at different pulse amplitudes on the viability of ischemic skin flap in the rat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of low‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat: An amplitude study

Liebano

Abla

Ferreira

2008

Wound Repair Regeneration

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low-frequency (2 Hz) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat. Seventy-five EPM1-Wistar rats were used. The random skin flap measuring 10 x 4 cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed. After the surgical procedure, animals in all groups were kept anesthetized for 1 hour, with electrodes placed at the base of the flap, and received the assigned treatment. The animals were randomized into five groups (G1-G5) and each group was subjected to the following procedures, which were repeated on the 2 subsequent days: G1-sham stimulation (control); G2-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS (f=2 Hz, I=5 mA), G3-TENS (f=2 Hz, I=10 mA), G4-TENS (f=2 Hz, I=15 mA), G5-TENS (f=2 Hz, I=20 mA). Seven days after treatment, the percentage of flap necrosis was determined. For each group, the mean+/-SEM percentage of flap necrosis was as follows: G1 group (control), 43.88+/-2.02%; G2 group, 39.20+/-3.17%; G3 group, 38.57+/-4.08%; G4 group, 32.14+/-2.89%; and G5 group, 44.13+/-2.98%. The G4 group had the smallest necrotic area compared with the control group. The low-frequency TENS treatment was effective in improving the viability of ischemic skin flap.

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“…Several investigators have noted greater increases in skin temperature following low-frequency rather than highfrequency TENS~Abram, Asiddao, & Reynolds, 1980;Kaada, 1982;Scudds, Helewa, & Scudds, 1995!. The failure of some previous research to detect changes in autonomic function following lowfrequency stimulation is likely the result of variability in electrode location, intensity, and duration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exaggeration of blood pressure‐related hypoalgesia and reduction of blood pressure with low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Campbell

Ditto

2002

Psychophysiology

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Reduced pain perception has been observed in hypertensive individuals and normotensive individuals at risk for high blood pressure and may involve increased endogenous opioid release or receptor sensitivity. The present study examined the issue by administering two subjectively similar but physiologically different forms of the pain-reducing procedure transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Men varying in resting blood pressure and parental history of hypertension participated in three testing sessions during which was presented (a) high-frequency (100 Hz) TENS; (b) low-frequency (2 Hz) TENS, the type believed to elicit endogenous opioid activity; or (c) no-TENS stimulation. Measurements of blood pressure (BP) and other physiological variables were obtained during this period. Afterwards, two pain stimuli were presented: a series of electric shocks and 5 min of arm ischemia. There was a significant negative association between pain and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pain and parental history of hypertension in the no-TENS and high-frequency TENS conditions that was significantly strengthened by administration of low-frequency TENS. As well, low-frequency TENS produced a modest but significant acute reduction in SBP, especially among those with higher resting levels. These results provide further evidence that opioid mechanisms are involved in blood pressure-related hypoalgesia and blood pressure regulation.

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The Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Skin Temperature in Asymptomatic Subjects

Abstract: High-intensity, low-frequency TENS prevented cooling of the hand. High- and low-frequency TENS had no effect on finger temperature.

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats

Effect of low‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat: An amplitude study

Exaggeration of blood pressure‐related hypoalgesia and reduction of blood pressure with low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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