The effects of tricaine mesylate on arthropods: crayfish, crab and Drosophila

Stanley, Catherine E.; Adams, Rebecca L.; Nadolski, Jeremy; Amrit, Ellora; Barrett, Matthew; Bohnett, Catherine E.; Campbell, Kelsey; Deweese, Keegan; Dhar, Sabbyasachi; Gillis, Barbara; Hill, Carson; Inks, Morgan; Kozak, Katrina; Larson, Alexa; Murtaza, Ibraheem; Nichols, Destaneh; Roberts, Rafael; Tyger, Hannah; Waterbury, Courtney K. M.; Cooper, Robin L.

doi:10.1007/s10158-020-00243-5

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…To test to what extent spontaneous neuronal activity, across any and all circuit elements, is necessary for the maturation of functional neuronal circuits in larval zebrafish, we developed a protocol to raise zebrafish under complete anesthesia. Amongst a series of potential candidates that are used as anesthetics in fish and amphibia, we settled on tricaine, a sodium-channel blocker known to reversibly silence neuronal action potential firing (Popovic et al 2012; Stanley et al 2020; Ramlochansingh et al 2014; Leyden et al 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature over Nurture: Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity

Barabási

Schuhknecht

Engert

2022

Preprint

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During development, the complex neuronal circuitry of the brain arises from limited information contained in the genome. After the genetic code instructs the birth of neurons, the emergence of brain regions, and the formation of axon tracts, it is believed that neuronal activity plays a critical role in shaping circuits for behavior. Current AI technologies are modeled after the same principle: connections in an initial weight matrix are pruned and strengthened by activity-dependent signals until the network can sufficiently generalize a set of inputs into outputs. Here, we challenge these learning-dominated assumptions by quantifying the contribution of neuronal activity to the development of visually guided swimming behavior in larval zebrafish. Intriguingly, dark-rearing zebrafish revealed that visual experience has no effect on the emergence of the optomotor response (OMR). We then raised animals under conditions where neuronal activity was pharmacologically silenced from organogenesis onward using the sodium-channel blocker tricaine. Strikingly, after washout of the anesthetic, animals performed swim bouts and responded to visual stimuli with 75% accuracy in the OMR paradigm. After shorter periods of silenced activity OMR performance stayed above 90% accuracy, calling into question the importance and impact of classical critical periods for visual development. Detailed quantification of the emergence of functional circuit properties by brain-wide imaging experiments confirmed that neuronal circuits came 'online' fully tuned and without the requirement for activity-dependent plasticity. Thus, we find that complex sensory guided behaviors can be wired up by activity-independent developmental mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature over Nurture: Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity

Barabási

Schuhknecht

Engert

2022

Preprint

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“…Depending on what one may choose as a threshold for analysis in determining a response a different absolute value in the number of spikes will be obtained. As highlighted in an earlier report on similar data analysis [28], this topic is an issue when implementing citizen science or crowdsourcing projects to analyze data sets [34] as well as providing open source data without extensive explanation for every data set. This can be a large undertaking to annotate each data set to reproduce the exact raw counts, while the trends will be similar despite some variation choosing a threshold for analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contraction of the intrafusal muscle fibers in the muscle spindle is altered by differing concentration of extracellular calcium [Ca 2+ ] o and the effect on the membrane potential of the muscle can impact the SAC in the sensory endings. The arrangement the crab chordotonal organ enables for the exploration of the direct effects of agents on the sensory endings, without the effects on muscle fibers, as well as axon excitability [27,28]. Given there is still an active interest in how [Ca 2+ ] o influences the function of nerves as well as understanding the function of SACs, in the vast variety of SAC subtypes, among organisms [29], the crab leg proprioceptive neurons serve as a viable model for such investigations [24][25][26][27][28]30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons

et al. 2021

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Proprioception of all animals is important in being able to have coordinated locomotion. Stretch activated ion channels (SACs) transduce the mechanical force into electrical signals in the proprioceptive sensory endings. The types of SACs vary among sensory neurons in animals as defined by pharmacological, physiological and molecular identification. The chordotonal organs within insects and crustaceans offer a unique ability to investigate proprioceptive function. The effects of the extracellular environment on neuronal activity, as well as the function of associated SACs are easily accessible and viable in minimal saline for ease in experimentation. The effect of extracellular [Ca2+] on membrane properties which affect voltage-sensitivity of ion channels, threshold of action potentials and SACs can be readily addressed in the chordotonal organ in crab limbs. It is of interest to understand how low extracellular [Ca2+] enhances neural activity considering the SACs in the sensory endings could possibly be Ca2+ channels and that all neural activity is blocked with Mn2+. It is suggested that axonal excitability might be affected independent from the SAC activity due to potential presence of calcium activated potassium channels (K(Ca)) and the ability of Ca2+ to block voltage gated Na+ channels in the axons. Separating the role of Ca2+ on the function of the SACs and the excitability of the axons in the nerves associated with chordotonal organs is addressed. These experiments may aid in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability during hypocalcemia within mammals.

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“…However, there is a lack of information on appropriate analgesic medications for aquatic invertebrates. The few published research studies have focused on the use of local anesthetics such as lidocaine, given the conservation of sodium channels across species ( 39 , 40 ). Lidocaine injections appear to have analgesic properties in cephalopods due to blocked afferent nerve signals and the prevention of behavioral responses to noxious stimuli ( 8 , 11 ).…”

Section: Opportunity 1: Promote the Use Of Anesthesia Analgesia And E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: Opportunities for advancing aquatic invertebrate welfare

et al. 2022

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Welfare considerations and regulations for invertebrates have lagged behind those for vertebrates, despite invertebrates comprising more than 95% of earth's species. Humans interact with and use aquatic invertebrates for exhibition in zoos and aquaria, as pets, research subjects, and important food sources. Recent research has indicated that aquatic invertebrates, in particular cephalopod mollusks and decapod crustaceans, experience stress and may be able to feel pain. With this article, we present results of a survey on attitudes of aquatic animal health professionals toward aquatic invertebrate welfare and provide practical recommendations for advancing aquatic invertebrate welfare across four areas of opportunity: use of anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia; development of less invasive diagnostic and research sampling methods based on 3R principles; use of humane slaughter methods for aquatic invertebrates; and reducing impacts of invasive procedures in aquaculture and fisheries. We encourage consideration of these opportunities to achieve far-reaching improvements in aquatic invertebrate welfare.

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The effects of tricaine mesylate on arthropods: crayfish, crab and Drosophila

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Nature over Nurture: Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity

Nature over Nurture: Functional neuronal circuits emerge in the absence of developmental activity

The Effect of Calcium Ions on Mechanosensation and Neuronal Activity in Proprioceptive Neurons

Perspective: Opportunities for advancing aquatic invertebrate welfare

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